2023年经济学人 直面超加工食品的危害（2）

 

 

    The cocktail¹ of additives² and preservatives³ in upf harm people in ways both known and unknown.

    超加工食品中的添加剂和防腐剂以已知和未知的方式对人体造成伤害。

    It seems to affect the gut⁴ microbiome, the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways.

    它似乎会影响肠道微生物群，而肠道微生物群是数以万亿计的细菌，它们以各种方式促进健康。

    Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor, upf contributes to obesity⁵ in part because its palatability⁶ and soft texture⁷ foster overconsumption, overriding⁸ satiety⁹ signals from the brain.

    超加工食品富含卡路里，但通常缺乏营养，它会导致肥胖，部分原因是它美味和柔软的质地会让人过度食用，从而压倒大脑发出的饱腹感信号。

    Because this frankenfood is cheap to produce and buy, upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people.

    因为这种“弗兰肯食品”的生产和购买成本都很低，它取代了更健康的替代品，尤其是对穷人来说。

    Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels.

    超重曾是富有的标志，但在今天的英国和美国女性中，低收入阶层的肥胖率更高。

    (Curiously, rates do not vary for men, even though a greater share of American men than women are obese¹⁰.)(奇怪的是，尽管美国男性的肥胖率高于女性，但男性的肥胖率却没有变化。)The reasons why upf can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists.

    即使对科学家来说，超加工食品有害的原因也并不总是很清楚。

    Additives that may be safe in isolation¹¹ or small quantities may be harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly.

    一些添加剂单独使用或少量使用时可能安全，与其他化学品结合使用或经常使用时却可能有害。

    If we are what we eat, considering the impact of upf is essential, but too often Mr van Tulleken’s case for clean food is accompanied by anti-capitalist preening¹²: for instance, he nonsensically calls corporate-tax minimisation “part of ultra-processing”.

    如果我们吃什么就是什么，那么考虑超加工食品的影响就是必不可少的，但范·塔肯对清洁食品的主张往往包裹着反资本主义的外壳：例如，他荒谬地将公司税最小化称为“超加工的一部分”。

    Environment matters, too.

    环境也很重要。

    People who live in what the author calls “food swamps”, where “upf is everywhere but real food is harder to reach”, could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live.

    作者所说的“食物沼泽”里面“到处都是食物，但很难找到真正的食物”，生活在里面的人可能会花费大量的时间和金钱寻找新鲜食物，但这并不是大多数人的生活方式。

    There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but anyone who can afford to eat less upf probably should.

    偶尔吃点快餐没什么错，但任何有能力的人可能都应该少吃点。

1 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

2 additives   

n.添加剂( additive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• chemical additives in petrol 汽油中的化学添加剂
• It'says on the packet that these crisps contain no additives. 包装上说这些炸薯片不含添加剂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 preservatives   

n.防腐剂( preservative的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The juice contains no artificial preservatives. 这种果汁不含人工防腐剂。
• Meat spoils more quickly without preservatives. 不加防腐剂，肉会坏得快。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

5 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

6 palatability   

n.嗜食性，适口性，风味

参考例句：

• This pickled vegetables fresh color, flavor through, brackish palatability and pleasant fragrance. 这种腌制菜色泽鲜嫩、香味透人、咸淡适口、清香宜人。 来自互联网
• Palatability of its sweet and sour taste and rich nutrition. 其滋味酸甜适口，营养丰厚。 来自互联网

7 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

8 overriding   

a.最主要的

参考例句：

• Development is of overriding importance. 发展是硬道理
• My overriding concern is to raise the standards of state education. 我最关心的是提高国民教育水平。

9 satiety   

n.饱和；(市场的)充分供应

参考例句：

• There is no satiety in study.学无止境。
• Their presence in foods induces satiety at meal time.它们在食物中的存在诱导进餐时的满足感。

10 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

11 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

12 preening   

v.（鸟）用嘴整理（羽毛）( preen的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Will you stop preening yourself in front of the mirror? 你别对着镜子打扮个没完行不行？
• She was fading, while he was still preening himself in his elegance and youth. 她已显老，而他却仍然打扮成翩翩佳公子。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹