2023年经济学人 2023年各国经济表现盘点(2)

    Our next two measures—growth in employment and GDP—hint at the extent to which the 35 economies are delivering for ordinary folk.

    接下来的两项指标--就业增长和GDP--暗示了这35个经济体为普通民众带来了多大程度的实惠。

    Nowhere fared spectacularly well.

    没有哪个国家表现得很亮眼。

    Across the world productivity growth is weak, limiting potential increases in GDP.

    全球生产率增长乏力，从而限制了GDP的潜在增长。

    Already tight labour markets at the start of 2023 meant there was little room for improvement when it came to jobs.

    2023年初的劳动力市场就已经供不应求，这意味着就业岗位几乎没有增长空间。

    Only a few countries, though, actually saw their GDP decline.

    然而，只有少数几个国家的GDP确实出现了下降。

    Ireland was the worst performer, with a drop of 4.1% (take that with a pinch of salt: there are big problems with the measurement of Irish GDP).

    爱尔兰是表现最差的，GDP下降了4.1%(对这个数据暂且持保留态度：爱尔兰的GDP衡量方式存在很大问题)。

    Estonia, another country whacked¹ by the fallout of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, did badly.

    爱沙尼亚，另一个因俄乌战争而遭受重创的国家，表现不佳。

    Britain and Germany also underperformed.

    英国和德国也表现糟糕。

    Germany is struggling with the consequences of the energy-price shock and rising competition from imported Chinese cars.

    德国正在努力应对能源价格冲击和中国进口汽车带来的日益激烈的竞争。

    Britain is still dealing² with the aftermath of Brexit—most economists³ expect the country to suffer from weak economic growth in the coming years.

    英国仍在应对脱欧后遗症，大多数经济学家预计，未来几年该国经济将增长乏力。

    America, by contrast, did well on both GDP and employment.

    相比之下，美国在GDP和就业方面都做得很好。

    It has benefited from record-high energy production as well as a generous fiscal⁴ stimulus⁵ implemented⁶ in 2020 and 2021.

    该国受益于创纪录的能源产量以及2020年和2021年实施的大额财政刺激。

    The world’s largest economy may have pulled along other countries.

    这个世界上最大的经济体可能带动了其他国家。

    Canada’s employment has risen smartly.

    加拿大的就业率大幅上升。

    Israel, which counts America as its largest trading partner, comes fourth in the overall ranking, although its war with Hamas, which began in October, makes the outlook for 2024 deeply uncertain.

    以色列将美国视为其最大的贸易伙伴，在总体排名中位列第四，尽管它与哈马斯在10月交战，这使得该国2024年的经济前景非常不确定。

    You might think that the American stockmarket, stuffed with firms poised⁷ to benefit from the revolution in artificial intelligence, would have done well.

    你可能认为，美国股市有很多准备好从人工智能革命中受益的公司，因此股市会表现良好。

    In fact, adjusted for inflation it is a middling performer.

    事实上，经通胀调整后，其表现只算中等。

    The Australian stockmarket, filled with commodities firms managing a comedown from high prices in 2022, underperformed.

    澳大利亚股市有很多大宗商品公司，这些公司正在应对2022年价格高峰之后的回落，因此股市表现不佳。

    The Finnish stockmarket had a poor year, with the share price of Nokia, a national champion, continuing its long, slow decline.

    芬兰股市经历了糟糕的一年，该国的冠军企业诺基亚的股价依然在长期缓慢下跌。

    Japan’s firms, by contrast, are experiencing something of a renaissance⁸.

    相比之下，日本的公司正在经历某种复兴。

    For that, thank reforms to corporate⁹ governance, which finally seem to be bearing fruit.

    这要感谢公司管理改革，这些改革措施似乎终于取得了成果。

    The country’s stockmarket was one of the best performers in 2023, rising in real terms by nearly 20%.

    日本股市是2023年表现最好的股市之一，实际涨幅接近20%。

    But for glorious equity¹⁰ returns, look thousands of miles west—to Greece.

    但要想获得丰厚的股票回报，就得把目光投向千里之外的西方：希腊。

    There the real value of the stockmarket has increased by more than 40%.

    希腊股票市场的实际价值增加了40%以上。

    Investors¹¹ have looked afresh at Greek companies as the government implements¹² a series of pro-market reforms.

    随着希腊政府实施一系列有利于市场的改革，投资者重新审视了希腊企业。

    Although the country is still a lot poorer than it was before its almighty¹³ bust¹⁴ in the early 2010s, the IMF, once Greece’s nemesis¹⁵, praised “the digital transformation¹⁶ of the economy” and “increasing market competition” in a recent statement.

    尽管希腊现在仍比2010年代初破产之前要贫穷得多，但曾是希腊死对头的国际货币基金组织在最近的一份声明中赞扬了希腊“经济的数字化转型”和“日益激烈的市场竞争”。

    While underperforming Finns can console themselves this Christmas by drowning their sorrows alone in their underwear (or getting pantsdrunk, as it is known locally), the rest of the world should raise a glass of ouzo to this most unlikely of champions.

    今年圣诞节，表现不佳的芬兰人可以独自在家，穿着内衣借酒浇愁(用芬兰语说就是pantsdrunk)，但其他国家应该斟一杯茴香烈酒，为希腊，这位最出人意料的冠军举杯祝贺。（注：茴香烈酒产于希腊。）

1 whacked   

a.精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• She whacked him with her handbag. 她用手提包狠狠地打他。
• He whacked me on the back and I held both his arms. 他用力拍拍我的背，我抱住他的双臂。

2 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

3 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

5 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

6 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

7 poised   

a.摆好姿势不动的

参考例句：

• The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop. 老鹰在半空中盘旋，准备俯冲。
• Tina was tense, her hand poised over the telephone. 蒂娜心情紧张，手悬在电话机上。

8 renaissance   

n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴

参考例句：

• The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
• The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。

9 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

10 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

11 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

12 implements   

n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 almighty   

adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的

参考例句：

• Those rebels did not really challenge Gods almighty power.这些叛徒没有对上帝的全能力量表示怀疑。
• It's almighty cold outside.外面冷得要命。

14 bust   

vt.打破；vi.爆裂；n.半身像；胸部

参考例句：

• I dropped my camera on the pavement and bust it. 我把照相机掉在人行道上摔坏了。
• She has worked up a lump of clay into a bust.她把一块黏土精心制作成一个半身像。

15 nemesis   

n.给以报应者，复仇者，难以对付的敌手

参考例句：

• Uncritical trust is my nemesis.盲目的相信一切害了我自己。
• Inward suffering is the worst of Nemesis.内心的痛苦是最厉害的惩罚。

16 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。