美国国家公共电台 NPR How Policing Has Changed For 3 Generations Of Black Police Officers

 

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

We're starting off a new series this month that's all about family. We're calling it Generations, and it's where we bring together family members who came of age in different eras. And they talk about topics that were important then and are important now.

And with everything happening in the news around policing and minority communities, we thought we'd invite three generations of African-American police officers to join us from Indianapolis, Clarence White, Sr., his son Clarence White, Jr., is also with us. And Rodney White is the grandson of Clarence White, Sr., and the nephew of Clarence White, Jr., and all three are with us now from Indianapolis at member station WFYI. Thank you all so much for speaking with us.

CLARENCE WHITE JR: Well, you're welcome.

RODNEY WHITE: Definitely appreciate it.

CLARENCE WHITE SR: Thank you for (unintelligible).

MARTIN: All right. Well, let me start with senior. You started this legacy¹. What made you want to become a police officer?

CLARENCE WHITE SR: I was sort of forced into this. I tried to join the fire department three times, turned down three times because they said I didn't pass the test. I had an uncle. He seemed to have had a real good career with the department. He come to me wanting me to join the police department. The things - I resisted him for about six months.

He said, well, take the test. I took the test and I passed it - same questions on the fire department was on the police. I passed it with a 99. When I joined the police department, it was kind of iffy. The gentlemen's agreement within the Indianapolis Police Department was we could not arrest a Caucasian. If we did have a confrontation² with one, we were to call a superior officer.

MARTIN: I read in one article that you actually used to throw an overcoat over your uniform when you went out to work because you didn't want your kids asking questions about your job. And I take from that you really didn't want them to follow in your footsteps. Is that right?

CLARENCE WHITE SR: That's correct.

MARTIN: How come?

CLARENCE WHITE SR: I won't go into specifics, but I just didn't want them involved in the department when I was there.

MARTIN: Well, they obviously didn't listen. (Laughter) So that leads me to Clarence White, Jr. did you know that your dad didn't want you to follow in his footsteps? And why did you want to become a police officer?

CLARENCE WHITE JR: I was not aware of that. However, when I finished at Indiana State University, I needed a job. And during that time in school was when police officers were not well liked, the '70s, the end of the hippie revolution. And so I figured I could be one of those officers that could make a difference in the street and in the field and come on the Indianapolis Police Department.

MARTIN: Now, of course, I'm going to go to Rodney White. You're still on the job. Why did you want to be a police officer?

R. WHITE: It's just the satisfaction of me going out there and being able to help from one situation to another, even if it's just a smallest change in a tire or helping³ somebody install a car seat to helping somebody that's just a victim of a crime is just my passion now to just be able to get that done and help people and get joy out of it.

MARTIN: I have to ask because the polls show that there is often a large racial divide in how the public views the police. On average white people are more likely to see the police as being a positive force. On average, you often see African-Americans say the opposite, that often African-Americans are more likely to see the police as excessively violent, as prejudiced, you know, etc. And I have to ask each of you why you think that is? And I'm also wondering if you ever disagree among yourselves about the way the police conduct themselves.

CLARENCE WHITE SR: This is senior. Black men and women in the street - when they confront a white officer it's with the sense that what they say or how they say it, they're going to jail. And the black officers, the same thing happens. We put on a uniform, and the black community says you represent the white establishment. So we have a problem trying to win them over. And the way I treated a person was the way I would want to be treated. In other words, when I approached a white perpetrator or a black perpetrator, I whispered to him what I was going to do. I didn't force anybody - punch him, anything. But you do have that problem with most people that you come in contact with.

MARTIN: Clarence White, Jr., I think maybe I'll ask you this because you're in the middle of the generations here. Why does this issue persist, these police shootings particularly of unarmed black people?

CLARENCE WHITE JR: I actually think that part of it is fear on the part of the officer that's in that area. And, indeed, some of it may be racism⁴, not all, but some. I've been involved in a situation where a white officer that I felt his big issue in working in the community was his dislike of black people. It exists. It will always exist and is something that we have to continually work toward making better.

I've been involved in a situation where an individual pulled a gun. We did not shoot him. Come to find out that it was a B.B. gun, but it looked very real. And there are instances when that happens, and there's questions some time amongst us what would you have done in that situation? I always try to tell the public before you make judgment⁵ as to what has occurred since you were not on the scene, let the system play out and see what happens.

MARTIN: Rodney, can I ask you that? Do you think this is an issue that in your lifetime can be fixed⁶?

R. WHITE: I think it can be fixed. If you, you know, don't grow up in a specific location and you're not used to dealing⁷ with the African-American culture and some of the mannerisms and the way that we speak and the way that we carry ourselves - and you have to actually be around it to really kind of understand. And I think it can be fixed, but it's going to take some training. It might take a while, but I definitely think it can be worked toward and possibly fixed in the future.

MARTIN: That was Rodney White. We also heard from Clarence White, Sr., his son Clarence White, Jr. They are just three of the eight members of the White family who are in law enforcement in Indianapolis, and I thank you all so much for speaking with us. I do want to thank you for your service, if I may. And, Rodney White, you stay safe out there.

R. WHITE: Thank you very much.

CLARENCE WHITE JR: Thank you.

CLARENCE WHITE SR: Thank you.

1 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

2 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

3 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

4 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

5 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

6 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

7 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。