美国国家公共电台 NPR Amid Keystone XL Fight, The Lakota Treaty Of Fort Laramie Turns 150

 

LULU GARCIA-NAVARRO, HOST:

Native Americans from across the Northern Plains are gathered in Fort Laramie, Wy., this weekend. They're marking the 150th anniversary of the Lakota Treaty with the United States. Jim Kent reports on a document that some feel has been overlooked.

JIM KENT, BYLINE¹: Phil Two Eagle is one of those organizing this weekend's treaty gathering². He says treaty violations³ began before the ink dried, starting with the 1874 discovery of Black Hills gold. Two Eagle believes Washington has ignored its own agreement, but the Lakota haven't.

PHIL TWO EAGLE: This treaty is binding⁴. It's a working document for us.

KENT: A document, Two Eagle says, was ignored with the Keystone XL pipeline⁵.

TWO EAGLE: President Trump⁶ signed a permit that will allow Keystone XL to come through. And that Keystone XL is coming right near here, on the Rosebud⁷.

KENT: The Native American Rights Fund is using the treaty to fight the pipeline on the Rosebud reservation. And though President Donald Trump approved the project's permit, no action has been taken due to pipeline issues with the state of Nebraska.

(SOUNDBITE OF CITY TRAFFIC)

KENT: In Rapid City, Carla Rae Marshall hopes the treaty will stop a Canadian mining company's current gold exploration in the Black Hills.

CARLA RAE MARSHALL: Now they are saying that with this gold exploration - they're saying, well, we don't need to consult with tribes on that because it's private lands. Those private lands, they were taken after our trees.

KENT: Lakota tribal⁸ members are suing to stop that gold exploration as they await the U.S. Forest Service decision on a request to drill public or original treaty lands.

(SOUNDBITE OF WIND)

KENT: On the windswept Wyoming plains, Fort Laramie's superintendent⁹ prepares for the treaty anniversary. Tom Baker¹⁰ points out that the document signed here in 1868 is still valid¹¹.

TOM BAKER: It's equivalent to our Constitution of the United States. That's how important it is. It's international law. It's a treaty.

(SOUNDBITE OF LAKOTA DRUMS)

KENT: As Lakota tribal members gather at Fort Laramie this weekend, they'll have prayers and traditional songs, like this one. And then there will be stories about the past and a renewed effort by the Lakota to ensure that the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty is upheld. For NPR News, I'm Jim Kent at Fort Laramie, Wy.

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

3 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

4 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

5 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

6 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

7 rosebud   

n.蔷薇花蕾，妙龄少女

参考例句：

• At West Ham he was thought of as the rosebud that never properly flowered.在西汉姆他被认为是一个尚未开放的花蕾。
• Unlike the Rosebud salve,this stuff is actually worth the money.跟玫瑰花蕾膏不一样，这个更值的买。

8 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

9 superintendent   

n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长

参考例句：

• He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
• He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。

10 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

11 valid   

adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的

参考例句：

• His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
• Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？