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科学美国人60秒 SSS 公路交叉口保护着迁徙的叉角羚和开车的人

时间:2019-01-04 06:32来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Highway Crossings Protect Migrating Pronghorns--and Motorists

Ever hear of the pronghorn antelope1 in the American west? Well, it’s not really an antelope—it’s actually more closely related to giraffes than to true antelopes2. And the last known migration3 of pronghorns occurs between Grand Teton National Park and the upper Green River Basin in western Wyoming. The so-called "path of the pronghorn" stretches more than 150 miles and is one of the longest mammal migration corridors that remain in North America.

听说过美国西部的叉角羚吗?嗯,这并不是羚羊——实际上它与长颈鹿的关系比与真正的羚羊更密切。已知的叉角羚最后一次迁徙,发生在大提顿国家公园和怀俄明州西部上绿河流域之间。所谓的“叉角羚之路”绵延150多英里,是北美现存最长的哺乳动物迁徙走廊之一。

That stretch is also the only federally designated wildlife migration corridor. The trouble is that the corridor intersects with roads and fences, presenting obvious problems to the animals. So Wyoming officials built eight wildlife crossings along some 12 miles of U.S. highway 191: two overpasses4 and six underpasses. But having a crossing doesn't mean wildlife will use it. So researchers decided5 to assess the impacts of the $9.7 million investment.

该区域也是联邦唯一指定的野生动物迁徙走廊。问题是,这条走廊与道路和栅栏交叉,给动物们带来了明显的问题。因此,怀俄明州的官员在美国191号高速公路12英里处修建了8个野生动物通道:2个立交桥和6个地下通道。但是有个十字路口并不意味着,野生动物会使用它。因此,研究人员决定评估这970万美元投资的影响。

"We're out in the field, on spotting scopes, watching these animals as they're approaching brand-new structures. This was a perfect setting, because we had been studying these pronghorn, these animals on their long-distance migration, for about a decade."Wildlife Conservation Society biologist Renee Seidler, now at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game.

“我们在野外观察,观察这些动物,看着它们接近崭新的结构。这是一个完美的环境,因为我们研究这些叉角羚,这些长途迁徙的动物,已经有十年了。野生动物保护协会的生物学家Renee Seidler说。

She focused her observations on an area called Trapper's Point. Twice a year, between one and two thousand pronghorn, along with some three thousand mule6 deer pass through the area. Archaeological evidence indicates that pronghorn have been moving through Trapper's Point for at least six thousand years. But now they have to contend with highways and fast cars. Before the wildlife crossings were built, the 12 miles of the two-lane highway 191 saw an average of 85 animal-vehicle collisions each year.

她的观察集中在一个叫做“猎人点”的区域。每年两次,大约有一千只叉角羚和三千多只叉角羚穿过这个地区。考古证据表明,叉角羚已经在猎人的穴居地活动了至少6000年。但现在他们不得不与高速公路和高速汽车竞争。在建立野生动物通道之前,191号双线高速公路长达12英里,平均每年发生85起动物车辆相撞事故。

"We looked at how many times an animal would attempt to use the crossing structure before they were able to successfully get to the other side. And the success rate of crossing within that definition increased over time."

“我们观察了一只动物在成功到达另一边之前会尝试多少次穿越结构。”随着时间的推移,在这个定义范围内交叉的成功率增加了。

In other words, the pronghorn eventually learned to use the crossing. And that's good news for motorists too: Seidler found a 70 percent reduction in wildlife-vehicle collisions. The results are in the journal Global Ecology and Conservation.

换句话说,叉角羚最终学会了穿越。这对开车的人来说也是个好消息:Seidler发现野生动物车辆碰撞事故减少了70%。研究结果发表在《全球生态与保护》杂志上。

Four years after the crossings were built, every single pronghorn successfully used them to avoid the highway and complete their migration."These are migrations7 that have been compared to migrations on the Serengeti in Africa. These are stellar, long-distance migrations, and I think as a culture we should hold innate8 pride in that… Wyoming did a really good thing when they put in these crossing structures and fences, so that these animals can continue their migration."

在十字路口建成四年后,每只叉角羚都成功地避开了高速公路,完成了迁徙。这些移民被比作非洲塞伦盖蒂平原上的移民。他说:“我认为这是一种非常重要的迁徙方式。这是一种明星级的长距离迁徙。我认为,作为一种文化,我们应该对这一点保持固有的自豪感。怀俄明州做了一件很好的事情,他们在这里设置了这些交叉结构和栅栏,这样这些动物就可以继续迁徙了。”


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 antelope fwKzN     
n.羚羊;羚羊皮
参考例句:
  • Choosing the antelope shows that China wants a Green Olympics.选择藏羚羊表示中国需要绿色奥运。
  • The tiger was dragging the antelope across the field.老虎拖着羚羊穿过原野。
2 antelopes ca529013a9640792629d32a14a98d705     
羚羊( antelope的名词复数 ); 羚羊皮革
参考例句:
  • One jump, and you're out, and we'll run for it like antelopes.' 你只要一跳就出来了,我们可以像羚羊那样飞快地逃掉。”
  • Most antelopes can withhold their young for weeks, even months. 绝大部分羚羊能把分娩期推迟几个星期,甚至几个月。
3 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
参考例句:
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
4 overpasses 269c9be65d34636443e583a7ebb36132     
n.立交桥,天桥,高架道路( overpass的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Is that why they're constructing so many underpasses, overpasses and highways? 那就是他们建这么多天桥、地下通道和公路的原因吗? 来自辞典例句
  • I also find more overpasses and elevated highways have been built. 我也发现建造了更多人行天桥和高架道路。 来自互联网
5 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
6 mule G6RzI     
n.骡子,杂种,执拗的人
参考例句:
  • A mule is a cross between a mare and a donkey.骡子是母马和公驴的杂交后代。
  • He is an old mule.他是个老顽固。
7 migrations 2d162e07be0cf65cc1054b2128c60258     
n.迁移,移居( migration的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • It foundered during the turmoils accompanying the Great Migrations. 它在随着民族大迁徙而出现的混乱中崩溃。 来自辞典例句
  • Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. 鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。 来自互联网
8 innate xbxzC     
adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的
参考例句:
  • You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
  • Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
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