世界节假日博览 第71期:世界血友病日

 World Hemophilia Day (WHD) started in 1989 as a way to raise awareness¹ of the disorder² and to bring attention to the needs of those who suffer from it. The reason it’s on April 17 is because that’s the birthday of the World Foundation for Hemophilia (WFH) founder³ Frank Schnabel. On WHD, organizations around the world organise⁴ a wide range of activities, events, and campaigns to help hemophiliacs. There is a different theme every year. Previous campaigns have included “Get vaccinated⁵! Prevent hepatitis A and B” and treating people with all bleeding disorders⁶. The WHF says treatment includes areas such as physiotherapy, information, training, diagnosis⁷, and research for a cure.

世界血友病日始创于1989年，目的是唤起人们对血友病的认知，关注血友病人群的疾苦。由于4·17是世界血友病联盟发起人法兰克·舒纳波的生日，所以将该日定为4月17日。在这一天，全球血友病机构会开展一系列活动，帮助血友病患者。每年的主题都大不相同。去年的活动包括“注射疫苗，远离A,B型肝炎”，为所有出血性疾病患者进行治疗。世界血友病联盟表示称，治疗包括物理疗法、了解信息、培训、诊断以及研究治疗方法。

Hemophilia comes from the Greek haima "blood" and philia "to love". It is a group of genetic⁹ disorders that makes it difficult for the body to stop cuts bleeding. The cells that the body needs to clot¹⁰ blood are missing. Hemophilia is a hereditary¹¹ disease and so it is passed down through generations. The gene⁸ that creates the disorder comes from the mother and is passed almost entirely¹² to male babies. When hemophiliacs get a cut, the bleeding lasts much longer than in normal people. Even a small cut can bleed for weeks, and in some cases cuts may never heal. If cuts occur in the brain, they can be fatal. Hemophiliacs live a stressful life because they always have to be careful not to get even the smallest cut.

血友病一词来源于希腊语“haima”，意为“血”，以及“philia”，意为“去爱”。血友病是遗传疾病，病人会出现频繁出血情况。身体中的凝血功能消失。由于血友病遗传，所以它会代代相传。所有有病基因全部通过女性传递，并几乎全部遗传到男性后代中。如果血友病患者受伤，那么出血的时间要远长于正常人。就算是小伤口也会流血数周，在许多情况下，伤口永远无法复合。如果大脑受伤，那将会是致命的。血友病患者备受压力，即使是小伤口也要加倍小心。

1.hereditary disease 遗传性疾病

例句：Is it a hereditary disease ?

这是一种家族遗传的疾病吗？

2.raise awareness 提升意识

例句：It is an occasion to raise awareness of key global health issues.

它是提高对关键全球卫生问题认识的一个重要机会。

3.bleeding disorders 出血性疾病

例句：They may be traumatic, spontaneous, or secondary to a systemic illness (bleeding disorder, hypertension, febrile infections).

它们可能是创伤性的，自发性的，或者继发于某种系统性疾病（凝血障碍，高血压，发热性感染）。

4.stop doing 停止做

例句：People must stop doing this.We must save the Earth.

人们必须停止做这。 我们必须保留地球。

1 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

2 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

3 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

4 organise   

vt.组织，安排，筹办

参考例句：

• He has the ability to organise.他很有组织才能。
• It's my job to organise all the ceremonial events.由我来组织所有的仪式。

5 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

6 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

8 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

9 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

10 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

11 hereditary   

adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的

参考例句：

• The Queen of England is a hereditary ruler.英国女王是世袭的统治者。
• In men,hair loss is hereditary.男性脱发属于遗传。

12 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。