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四六级必读美文系列:女性低估自身工作表现

时间:2018-03-28 06:26来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   What do your co-workers think of your performance on the job?

  你的同事认为你的工作表现如何?
  If you're a woman, you're three times more likely than a man to answer that question wrong.
  如果你是女性,那你答错这个问题的机率是男性的3倍。
  Women handicap themselves on the job by chronically1 underrating their standing2 with bosses and co-workers, says a new study slated3 for presentation next month to the Academy of Management's annual meeting. (1) When asked to predict how they were rated by managers, direct and peers, women were significantly poorer at predicting others' ratings than men,says the study of 251 managers by Taylor of the University of New Mexico.
  将在管理学会(Academy of Management)下个月举行的年会上提交的一项新研究表明,女性习惯性地低估自己在老板和同事心目中的地位,从而阻碍了自己的事业发展。 ( 1)新墨西哥大学的泰勒对251名管理人员进行的研究发现,当被要求预测上司、直接领导和同事给自己的评分时,女性预测的准确度远远不如男性。
  A lack of self-confidence isn't the problem. The women surveyed thought highly of themselves compared with men in the study. But the female simply believed others regarded them as far less competent than they actually did, on a wide range of social and emotional skills related to leadership, according to the study. The ratings encompassed4 a wide range of attributes, from communication and conflict management to trustworthiness and teamwork.
  问题不在于缺乏自信。受调查者中,女性比男性对自己评价更高。但研究显示,她们就是觉得自己与领导能力相关的众多社会和情感技能被别人极大地低估了。评分包括交流沟通、处理冲突、可信度和团队合作等多方面的特质。
  Overall, averaging all the ratings, the gap between prediction and reality was three times greater for women than for men. (2) "women are so accustomed to decades of being ‘disappeared’ or ignored, and to hearing histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed,that they assume these conditions exist to the same extent today," Dr. Taylor says.
  总体上看,将所有评分平均下来,女性的预测和现实之间的差距是男性的3倍。(2)泰勒说,女性几十年来习惯了被忽视,总是听到有关女性的成绩被忽略的陈年旧事,因此她们以为这些情况现在依然如故。
  A few companies, of course, have fair, transparent5, performance-based compensation systems that eliminate gender6 inequities.
  当然,一些公司拥有公正、透明、基于工作表现的奖励系统,消除了性别歧视。
  But at most employers,expecting to be devalued can exact a big toll7. A friend of mine says she underestimated her standing at work for years and paid a high price in her paycheck. She started at a low-paid entry-level job at her company and advanced quickly up the ladder. (3) But she didn't ask for a raise for several year, only to find out later that she was making 50% less than peers with similar or less experience.
  但在大多数公司里,低估自己可能会付出很高的代价。我的一位朋友说,她多年来一直低估自己在工作中的地位,为此在薪资方面损失惨重。她在公司从低薪的人门级职位干起,升职很快。(3)但她几年都没有要求加薪,最后才发现资历跟她相同或哺乳她的同事都挣得比她多一半。
  "It came as a shock when I discovered how underpaid I was," she says. "I really shot myself in the foot by not being a self-promoter." (4) The lesson: If your employer lacks a systematic8 comp policy, "you really have to self-promote and lobby for yourself if you care about your career or salary advancement9," my friend says.
  她说,当我发现自己的薪水有多低时,简直太吃惊了,我自己不去要求,这真是自作自受。(4)我朋友说,这件事的教训是:如果你的雇主没有系统的薪酬制度,那你要是关心自己的事业或薪水长进,就得自力更生,替自己说话。
  My male peers have pointed10 out my own blind spots in this regard. Years ago, when I first learned how much a female executive at my company was paid, I marveled, "Wow,that's a lot." The male colleague who told me roared with laughter. "You think that's a lot?" he asked me he asked me incredulously."That's half what men at her level make."
  我的一些男同事曾经指出我在这方面的盲点。多年前我首次得知公司里的女性管理人员的薪水时,我惊叹道,哇,真是太高了。告诉我这件事的男同事大笑起来。他怀疑地问,你真觉得很多吗?这只是她那个级别的男主管薪水的一半。
  Readers, do you have trouble promoting yourselves? Do you see women around you undervaluing their contributions? Does your workplace have transparent, performance-based advancement or compensation systems that help eliminate gender inequities? Or do workers of both genders11 have to do a lot of self-promotion to get ahead?
  读者们,你在推销自己这方面遇到过问题吗?你周围的女性有没有低估自己的成就?你所在的公司是否有可帮助消除性别歧视的透明的、基于工作表现的晋升或薪资体系?抑或无论男女,员工都必须进行大量的自我推销才能成功?
  四六级句型讲解
  1. When asked to predict how they were rated by managers, direct reports and peers, women were significantly poorer at predicting others' ratings than men, says the study of 25 I managers by Scott Taylor of the University of New Mexico.
  本句是一个复合句, says之前的成分充当says的宾语。主句是 women...than men. when asked...peers是独立主格结构,逻辑主语是后面的women。
  语法重点:宾语从句,独立主格结构
  2. Women are so accustomed to decades of being "disappeared" or ignored, "and to hearing histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed, that they assume these conditions exist to the same extent today," Dr. Taylor says.
  本句是-个复合句,主句是women are...when notice do其中whose引导限制性定语从句,修饰women。后面that引导结果状语从句,与前面的so相呼应。 assume后面是省略了引导词的宾语从句。
  语法重点:定语从句,结果状语从句,宾语从句
  3. But she didn't ask for a raise for several years, only 10 find out later that she was making 50% less than peers with similar or less experience.
  本句是一个复合句。only to find...experience不定式短语作结果状语。其中that引导宾语从句,作find out的宾语。
  语法重点:不定式短语作状语,宾语从句
  4. The lesson: If your employer lacks a systematic comp policy, "you really have to self-promote and lobby for yourself if you care about your career or salary advancement." my friend says.
  本句是一个复合句。冒号后面的内容是对lesson的解释说明。 my friend says前面的成分,充当says的宾语。两个if分别引导两个条件状语从句。
  语法重点:宾语从句,条件状语从句

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 chronically yVsyi     
ad.长期地
参考例句:
  • Similarly, any pigment nevus that is chronically irritated should be excised. 同样,凡是经常受慢性刺激的各种色素痣切勿予以切除。
  • People chronically exposed to chlorine develop some degree of tolerance. 人长期接触氯气可以产生某种程度的耐受性。
2 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
3 slated 87d23790934cf766dc7204830faf2859     
用石板瓦盖( slate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Yuki is working up an in-home phonics program slated for Thursdays, and I'm drilling her on English conversation at dinnertime. Yuki每周四还有一次家庭语音课。我在晚餐时训练她的英语口语。
  • Bromfield was slated to become U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. 布罗姆菲尔德被提名为美国农业部长。
4 encompassed b60aae3c1e37ac9601337ef2e96b6a0c     
v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 );包围;包含;包括
参考例句:
  • The enemy encompassed the city. 敌人包围了城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I have encompassed him with every protection. 我已经把他保护得严严实实。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
5 transparent Smhwx     
adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
参考例句:
  • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
  • The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。
6 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
7 toll LJpzo     
n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数;v.敲(钟)
参考例句:
  • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
  • The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。
8 systematic SqMwo     
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
参考例句:
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
9 advancement tzgziL     
n.前进,促进,提升
参考例句:
  • His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
10 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
11 genders 83bb1a3a9f58b3256de7992ae4edb965     
n.性某些语言的(阳性、阴性和中性,不同的性有不同的词尾等)( gender的名词复数 );性别;某些语言的(名词、代词和形容词)性的区分
参考例句:
  • There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有叁性:阳性、阴性和中性。 来自辞典例句
  • Japan was fourth among the genders of foreign students. 日本在二十个留美学生输送地中列第四位。 来自互联网
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