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Should Women Be Treated the Same as Men?

时间:2005-05-04 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:hwmy   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Lesson 18

                 Should Women Be Treated the Same as Men?

                                        Text

                   For Women, There Is a Long Way to Go

    One-third of the people at work in Britain are women. By 1975 they will, by law, be on a footing of equal pay with men. Their prospects1 of reaching the top, however, are still far from equal.
    A recently-published study called Women in Top Jobs examines why this should be so. For the purposes of this study four researchers, two men and two women, chose women in top management in two business organizations and women in senior jobs in the BBC and the Civil Service. In their findings they found that although there are conventional and entrenched2 attitudes on both sides, there is a widespread awareness3 that no society can afford not to utilise ability.

    The studies confirm that there is no basic difference be tween the standards and quality of work performance of women who have reached top jobs and those of men in similar positions. Nevertheless, there emerged some distinctive4 factors in the performance of women in top jobs. Women were less interested in empire-building, in office politics, in status symbols. They are likely to be less forceful and competitive than men.


    In the past, women tended to assume they would be overtaken y men in the race to the top. However, today's young women are far less philosophical5 about their status and are more aggressive in their resentment6 at being treated as in some way inferior to men. On the other hand, since lack of drive is one of the criticisms levelled against women, perhaps this aggression7 is a positive advantage. Some young women, though, find it very difficult to come to terms with the feeling hat characteristics of authority which are acceptable in men are often not acceptable in women.


    A reason often advanced for women failing to reach the top is their desire for balance between work and a life outside work. Employers know this and tend, when a woman with young children applies for promotion8, to treat the fact that she has young children as an important factor and, given the choice, are more likely to give promotion to a man than to her.
    What about women whose children are almost grown up? Well, the writers of the study recommend a much more positive approach by employers to women who want to return to their careers after their children are off their hands.


II.Read
    Read t6e following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.

                        1. What Women's Lib Is about

    Women's Lib is short for the Women's Liberation Movement which got its name in America some years ago. Its supporters demand their freedom and equality with men.
    In this dialogue Sheila believes in Women's Lib while Harry9 has his doubts.
 
 Harry:   I've never understood what this Women's Lib business is all about.I can    
   understand women in some countries struggling for their rights. But it
   strikes me that here in Britain women havc already?got as much freedom
   as they could possibly want. They've got the vote, they can go to
   university, they can compete with men in the professions on equal
   terms...
Sheila:   Rubbishl You're fooling yourself. How many women members of Parliament  
   are there? About 30 out of 635. How many women company directors? How
   many trade union leaders? How many judges?
 
 
Harry:   Not many, I agree. But why is that? Maybe their talents don't lie in
   those directions. Perhaps they prefer to be housewives.
Sheila:   Prefer to be housewives? You can't have any idea what it's like,
   when you've been married fifteen years and you've cleaned a house every
   day; then your husband and kids come along and mess it all up again.
   Can you imagine the monotony, the boredom10, the frustration11?
Harry:   Oh yes, I can imagine it easily enough. But don't forget that a lot of  ,  
   men have equally boring jobs and less freedom to do them their own
   way.But that's beside the point; the real point is that most housewives
   in my experience, are" content to be housewives. Take my wife Jane, for
   example. She's not bored or frustrated12; she finds her life quite
   satisfying; she cleans, cooks, gardens...
 
 
Sheila:   Oh I'm aware of that.That's because over the centuries men have trained
   and educated women to consider themselves inferior and to accept
   their position. It isn't just the men who are piejudiced against the
   women. The women have become prejudiced against themselves.They
   believe they really are inferior.
Harry:   You mean they've been conditioned to accept. an inferior position.
Sheila:   Exactly; they've been brainwashed. It's the job of the Women's I.ib 
   movement to open their eyes to the way they have been fooled and
   dominated and exploited all these years.
 
 
Harry:   So you want to take all these nice contented13 women and make them
   discontent and rebellious14?
Sheila:   Right.
Harry:   I see. Well, I don't accept that the present system is the result of       
   conditioning or brain washing at all. It's the natural biological
   function of a woman first to bring children into the world and then to
   bring them up. That is how the animals do it. In the Stone Age, when we
   were cavemen, the women stayed at home in the cave and the men, being
   stronger and braver, went out to hunt.Now the men go out.and earn money
   instead.The Women's Lib movement denies woman her natural function.I'm
   not saying that wotnan's function is necessarily inferior; but I am
   saying that it's.not the same.
 
 
Sheila:   So if something happened in the Stone Age it was "natural" and so it    
   would be perfectly15 right and proper and "natural" to go and do it now.
   I suppose if a man thinks he wants a woman all he has to do is go out
   and knock one on the head with his club and drag her home by the hair.
   Or maybe swop her with his pal16 for a couple of tiger-skins?
Harry:   Don't be silly. We've grown out of that sort of barbarity .
Sheila:   I should jolly well hope so too. Anyway all this Stone Age stuff is a
   myth made up by men. For all we know, Stone Age women were the top
   dogs.
Harry:   All right, let's drop the Stone Age. Let's come down to the modern
   British family. I suppose you want to abolish it?
 
 
Sheila:   No, but I want to reorganize it; I believe that the housework and the
   bringing up of the children should be shared equally.
Harry:   How? The husband should wash up, presumably.
Sheila:   Of course.
Harry:   Well, I do that at my house; and I fill up the stove and mow17 the lawn and
   dig the garden.
Sheila:   Naturally. Those are men's jobs, anyway.
Harry:   Oh! I didn't think you.believed in men's jobs' and women's jobs' Anyway I
   do quite a lot of the shopping.
Sheila:   Fancy that!
Harry:   And in my time I've bathed a few babies.
Sheila:   And changed nappies?
Harry:   Both changed them and washed them.
Sheila:   Well, all I can say is you must be pretty unusual. My husband's
   never touched a nappy in his life.
 
 
 
 
Harry:   I wouldn't say it was all that unusual. There are plenty of men in England   
   who do the same as I do. Maybe that's why our wives are so satisfied. Now
   suppose we all did the same and there were enough nursery schools and so
   on and all the women who wanted to work could do so, what would you
   say to that?
Sheila:   Well...
Harry:   Now suppose I was to stay at home and do all the housework and look after 
   the children while my wife went out to work. What would you think about
   that?
 
 
Sheila:   I'd approve of it.
Harry:   And you'd be willing for her to do any job at all?
Sheila:   Anything she was strong enough to do.
Harry:   Good. Now some time last century a law was passed making it illegal
   for women to work down the coalmines. You would like that law abolished?
Sheila:   Certainly.
Harry:   I hope you won't want men to open doors for you and give up their seats in 
   the bus for you.
Sheila:   Of course not, as long as I'm fit.
Harry:   In fact, in return for equality you would give up all these special
   allowances formerly18 made for the so-called weaker sex?
Sheila:   If I'm going to be logical, yes.
Harry:   Well, if women are going to be logical, that will be progress.
 
 

                    2. Women's Education Should Be Urged

    Recently, a woman in a factory in Beijing was notified that she was being laid off as part of the "optimization19" work force reductions in State enterprises. To escape humiliation20 at the hands of her husband and mother-in-law, she tried to kill herself by swallowing a bottle of sleeping pills.
    After she was rescued, her mother took her to the factory director, demanding that her daughter be re-employed. Otherwise, she said, the director would be responsible for any accident tbat happened to her daughter. In the end, the director agreed to grant the woman a leave of absence at full pay plus bonus.


    This is only one example of the problem for which traditional theorists of women's studies and supporters of women's liberation in China apparently21 have no ready solution. But some feminist22 researchers recently urged that a new approach be adopted to help women gain a fresh foothold in the struggle to improve their lives.
    Traditionally, paid employment has been seen as the only passage towards women's liberation. And the rate of women's employment has been used as the major criterion in determining the level of women's liberation .


    However, after more than three decades, few Chinese women feel liberated23 from the old burdens of family and children. They feel they have simply been given more work.
    "We now have to admit that women's employment doesn't necessarily lead to their liberation, or more exactly, to the full development of their personalities," said Ma Lizhen, an editor at Chinese Women magazine.
    "In China, " she said, "this road has reached a dead end. "


    For nearly 40 years, China has pursued policies that encourage women to join the labour force.
    But they have resulted in serious problems, such as low efficiency in factories, strains on the State budget and a heavy load of housework and child care in a family, Ma said.


    This employment-oriented system has hurt the women's fundamental interests as well, Ma said. Women were often put into jobs in heavy manual labour with men more as a demonstration24 of equality than because they were suited for the work. This left them more dependent on favourable25 government policies and less competitive.
    A survey conducted by Ma's magazine indicates that about 70 per cent of the workers who will be squeezed out of the labour force in the current optimization will be wornen. The survey also reveals that more women than men prefer. Stzte employment, whieh is..more secure and less competitive.


    To protect women's interesta, some women organizations l;ave urged the top leadership for more favourable policies for women. But some feminists26 now disagree.
    "We know that special government treatment alone will not produce cornpo.tent women," Dai Qing, a noted27 writer and journalist, said at a discussion. "On the contrary, it has made them weaker and more dependent. What we should do now is to help women become more able and self-confident. And the only way is through education."


    The long-standing neglect of women's education, especially in the countryside, has resulted in a large proportion of female illiteracy28, whose negative effect on the nation's devel.opment is most strikingly seen in ihe country's barely controllable birth rate.
    State statistics indicate that women make up about 70 per cent of China's 200 million illiterates29. This situation cannot be expected to improve soon as hundreds of thousands of girls in the countryside are being forced by their parents to drop out of school at early grades to help work at home or in the fields. Girls make up an estimated 70 per cent of the dropouts in the countryside, according to Chinese Women magazine.


    "The women's movement should shift its focus from employment to education," Dai urged.
    "If women are taught self-supporting skills, they will support themselves as opportunities arise even without special care.
    "A good education will benefit a woman throughout her life whether she is a career woman or a housewife," said Da.i, who is working on a plan to set up what would be the only non-governmental girls' school in the capital.


    Another way to help women stand up to the current challenge is for the media to give more positive coverage30 to housework and good housewives or househusbands, Ma suggested.
    China at present cannot afford to provide publicly all the services traditionally performed within the family, such as cooking, washing and care for children and the elderly. But many people dislike doing housework because it is unpaid31 and unappreciated.

 

    Ma proposed that society compensate32 in some way the people who work at home.
    "Thus fewer women workers would feel ashamed about returuing home to do the housework, " she added.
    These feminist researchers have also begun reflecting on the sources of and philosophy behind the current setback33 in the China's women's liberation movement.     They noted that the movement in China is still operating ithin the framework of male culture because from the very beginning it was formulated34 and directed by men.
   "They set the male sex as a model for women to follow. So women remain the second sex," Ma said.


    She argued that the time has come for Chinese women to define their own roles in society. They should strive for a society in which they can choose to work outside, or stay at home, in which they can have more time to develop their own interests and improve community conditions.

 

              3. Two Top Career Women Say Family Also Matters

    It was quite a surprise for Wang Yunfeng, 58-year-old general manager of the Shenyang Department Store, to find herself at the head of a list of Shenyang's top 10 modern women.
    The list was the result of a competition organized by the women's federation35 of Shenyang, capital of northeastern Liaoning Province.
    Zheng Baohua, director of the federation, said that Wang won the most votes not just because she is the general manager of one of the largest and most-progressive department stores in the country, but also because of her compassion36.


    Wang was first in the city to promote lateral37 ties between commercial establishments, and the total volume of profits her department store turned over to the State over six years was 11 times more than the total investment.
    Wang's 83-year-old mother said that her husband died very early. "It was Yunfeng who raised her three younger brothers," she said, adding, "She never fails to bring me some tasty pastry38 every time she comes home, no matter how busy she has been at work."


    A middle-school teacher who voted for Wang said, "In my opinion, in addition to career success, modern women should also be independent and charming, and have a sense of freedom. This, of course, has nothing to do with a person's age."
    A soldier named Xiang Mingjun wrote to the federation, expressing his approval of the selection of the top 10 modern women, who are attentive39 to their husbands, tender to their children, filial to their aged40 parents and friendly to their neighbours.


    In the house of another of the top 10 modern women, Zhang Guiqing, general manager of Shenyang's Mulan Industrial Corporation, colourful flowers can be found everywhere. Zhang was cleaning the house when the reporter visited her.
    "Despite her fame as a boss of 27 enterprises, she is a good housekeeper41 and an attentive housewife. She is also a capable and kind mother," Zhang's husband said proudly.
    Zhang, 48, has six children, four of whom are now university students. "The whole family is happy at my being chosen," she said.


    According to the director of the women' s federation, two of the most important criteria42 for the top 10 modern women out of the city's 2.63 million women are having been praised by authorities above the city goverument level and having a harmonious43 and happy family.
    This is quite a departure from past attitudes, in the days when a strong sense of family was often regarded as selfish and bourgeois44, Zhang said.
    Only two years ago, the story of a mo:lel woman teacher who persevered45 in her work and ignored the pleas of her sick son was widely cited with approval.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 prospects fkVzpY     
n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
参考例句:
  • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
  • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
2 entrenched MtGzk8     
adj.确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)
参考例句:
  • Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
  • If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地,我们就消灭他们。
3 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
4 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
5 philosophical rN5xh     
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
参考例句:
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
6 resentment 4sgyv     
n.怨愤,忿恨
参考例句:
  • All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
  • She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。
7 aggression WKjyF     
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
参考例句:
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
8 promotion eRLxn     
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
参考例句:
  • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
  • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级,加了薪。
9 harry heBxS     
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
参考例句:
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
10 boredom ynByy     
n.厌烦,厌倦,乏味,无聊
参考例句:
  • Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.失业会让你无聊得发疯。
  • A walkman can relieve the boredom of running.跑步时带着随身听就不那么乏味了。
11 frustration 4hTxj     
n.挫折,失败,失效,落空
参考例句:
  • He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
  • He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
12 frustrated ksWz5t     
adj.挫败的,失意的,泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧
参考例句:
  • It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
  • The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 contented Gvxzof     
adj.满意的,安心的,知足的
参考例句:
  • He won't be contented until he's upset everyone in the office.不把办公室里的每个人弄得心烦意乱他就不会满足。
  • The people are making a good living and are contented,each in his station.人民安居乐业。
14 rebellious CtbyI     
adj.造反的,反抗的,难控制的
参考例句:
  • They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反,他们就要发生危险。
  • Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和,但她的心里十分反感。
15 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
16 pal j4Fz4     
n.朋友,伙伴,同志;vi.结为友
参考例句:
  • He is a pal of mine.他是我的一个朋友。
  • Listen,pal,I don't want you talking to my sister any more.听着,小子,我不让你再和我妹妹说话了。
17 mow c6SzC     
v.割(草、麦等),扫射,皱眉;n.草堆,谷物堆
参考例句:
  • He hired a man to mow the lawn.他雇人割草。
  • We shall have to mow down the tall grass in the big field.我们得把大田里的高草割掉。
18 formerly ni3x9     
adv.从前,以前
参考例句:
  • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
  • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。
19 optimization gIhxY     
n.最佳化,最优化;优选法;优化组合
参考例句:
  • Development of detergents has required optimization of the surfactants structure. 发展洗涤剂时,要求使用最恰当的表面活性剂结构。 来自辞典例句
  • In the case of productivity tools and other non-entertainment-oriented products, this optimization means minimizing work. 对于生产工具和其他非娱乐导向的产品而言,这意味着将工作负荷降至最低。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
20 humiliation Jd3zW     
n.羞辱
参考例句:
  • He suffered the humiliation of being forced to ask for his cards.他蒙受了被迫要求辞职的羞辱。
  • He will wish to revenge his humiliation in last Season's Final.他会为在上个季度的决赛中所受的耻辱而报复的。
21 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
22 feminist mliyh     
adj.主张男女平等的,女权主义的
参考例句:
  • She followed the feminist movement.她支持女权运动。
  • From then on,feminist studies on literature boomed.从那时起,男女平等受教育的现象开始迅速兴起。
23 liberated YpRzMi     
a.无拘束的,放纵的
参考例句:
  • The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进,解放了那座城市。
  • The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应,释放出氧气。
24 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
25 favourable favourable     
adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的
参考例句:
  • The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
  • We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。
26 feminists ef6993909ee3f0b8d1e79a268168539d     
n.男女平等主义者,女权扩张论者( feminist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Only 16 percent of young women in a 1990 survey considered themselves feminists. 在1990年的一项调查中,只有16%的年轻女性认为自己是女权主义者。 来自辞典例句
  • The organization had many enemies, most notably among feminists. 这个组织有许多敌人,特别是在男女平等主义者中。 来自辞典例句
27 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
28 illiteracy VbuxY     
n.文盲
参考例句:
  • It is encouraging to read that illiteracy is declining.从读报中了解文盲情况正在好转,这是令人鼓舞的。
  • We must do away with illiteracy.我们必须扫除文盲。
29 illiterates b6fc37fe7d871eff22563623d5e0390c     
目不识丁者( illiterate的名词复数 ); 无知
参考例句:
  • In 1996, an additional four million young and adult illiterates learned to read and write. 1996年,全国又减少了400万青壮年文盲。
  • Even semi-illiterates can read the writing on the wall, and many are throwing in the towel. 即使是知识不多的人也能看出不祥之兆。许多人认输了。
30 coverage nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
31 unpaid fjEwu     
adj.未付款的,无报酬的
参考例句:
  • Doctors work excessive unpaid overtime.医生过度加班却无报酬。
  • He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm.他正在一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。
32 compensate AXky7     
vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消
参考例句:
  • She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
  • Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。
33 setback XzuwD     
n.退步,挫折,挫败
参考例句:
  • Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
  • She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。
34 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
35 federation htCzMS     
n.同盟,联邦,联合,联盟,联合会
参考例句:
  • It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
  • Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。
36 compassion 3q2zZ     
n.同情,怜悯
参考例句:
  • He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
  • Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
37 lateral 83ey7     
adj.侧面的,旁边的
参考例句:
  • An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
  • Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。
38 pastry Q3ozx     
n.油酥面团,酥皮糕点
参考例句:
  • The cook pricked a few holes in the pastry.厨师在馅饼上戳了几个洞。
  • The pastry crust was always underdone.馅饼的壳皮常常烤得不透。
39 attentive pOKyB     
adj.注意的,专心的;关心(别人)的,殷勤的
参考例句:
  • She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。
  • The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。
40 aged 6zWzdI     
adj.年老的,陈年的
参考例句:
  • He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了,也老点了。
  • He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老,然而记忆力还好。
41 housekeeper 6q2zxl     
n.管理家务的主妇,女管家
参考例句:
  • A spotless stove told us that his mother is a diligent housekeeper.炉子清洁无瑕就表明他母亲是个勤劳的主妇。
  • She is an economical housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply.她节约持家,一家人吃得很省。
42 criteria vafyC     
n.标准
参考例句:
  • The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
  • There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。
43 harmonious EdWzx     
adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的
参考例句:
  • Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。
  • The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。
44 bourgeois ERoyR     
adj./n.追求物质享受的(人);中产阶级分子
参考例句:
  • He's accusing them of having a bourgeois and limited vision.他指责他们像中产阶级一样目光狭隘。
  • The French Revolution was inspired by the bourgeois.法国革命受到中产阶级的鼓励。
45 persevered b3246393c709e55e93de64dc63360d37     
v.坚忍,坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She persevered with her violin lessons. 她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
  • Hard as the conditions were, he persevered in his studies. 虽然条件艰苦,但他仍坚持学习。 来自辞典例句
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