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英语听力—环球英语 1484 The History of Applause

时间:2013-08-28 02:36来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Voice 1

  Welcome to Spotlight1. I’m Bruce Gulland.
  Voice 2
  And I’m Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand - no matter where in the world they live.
  Voice 1
  People communicate thoughts and feelings in many different ways. Sometimes a group of people will share one thought or feeling. They can communicate this together.
  Listen to a crowd at a football game.
  A symphony2 concert.
  A political speech.
  Voice 2
  Can you hear how these crowds communicate? It is applause3! Applause is a way to show support. Applause also says ‘thank you.’ And it can show how MUCH a crowd likes something. People applaud4 for many things. But when did people start to make noise with their hands in this way? And what affects how people applaud? Today’s Spotlight is on the history of applause.
  Voice 1
  Applause is a form of cheering. A group of people make noise at an event like a music show or a sports game. They sometimes make noise with their mouths. But applause usually includes clapping hands. People hit both of their hands together to make a sharp noise. When many people do this at once it can be very loud!
  Voice 2
  People have been clapping for thousands of years. In ancient Rome, theatre shows were very popular. Actors performed a show. Then they would ask the audience for applause. Applause was a way for the crowd to say ‘thank you’ to the performers. But it was also more than this. People could also communicate how much they liked the performance. If they liked it very much they would applaud very loudly and for a long time. But if they did not like it, they would only applaud a little bit. In this way, a crowd could communicate as a group.
  Voice 1
  Applause also connected people to their leaders. Political leaders in ancient Rome gave long speeches to the people. And people could talk back through applause. Greg Aldrete is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin. He studies politicians in ancient Rome. Aldrete told The Atlantic magazine that leaders would listen to the applause of the crowd. They would measure how long and loud it was. From this they would understand if the people supported them.
  Voice 2
  Politicians and performers even began to pay people to applaud loudly. They hoped that if the crowd heard people clapping loudly, they would all clap loudly too. In 17th century France, there was a group of people called the ‘claque.’ An actor or politician could pay them money. The claque charged money for different kinds of cheering services. They would clap and shout. The claque would even boo a performance. This showed that they did not like it.
  Voice 1
  Applause developed into a complex system of clapping and other noises. In this way, the crowd did not just watch the theatre or political speeches. They were able to be involved. Greg Aldrete explains some of the different ways a crowd could communicate:
  Voice 3
  “Their ways of using applause included much more than clapping alone. Crowds made noises like thunder but they also buzzed5. They also trilled. Crowds developed ways to express how much they liked the person or persons before them. They used claps, snaps6 of the finger and thumb and even waved the edges of their clothing.”
  Voice 2
  In more modern times people stopped using this kind of complex clapping. It became more important for a crowd to know WHEN to clap. For example, at some kinds of music performances, people should wait to clap until the end. This is good manners. Aldrete says:
  Voice 3
  “Knowing when to stay silent, as well as when to clap, became a mark of education and class. It was a new kind of system for audiences to learn. Applause became a matter of "do" or "don't," "all" or "nothing". It lost much of its old complexity7.”
  Voice 1
  But people still applaud in many ways. People in different countries also applaud differently. Andrew Litton is a musician. He conducts symphonies8, guiding all the musicians to play their instruments together.  He has performed all over the world. He told BBC music magazine:
  Voice 4
  “In the northern countries, if they like you they will launch9 into rhythmic10 applause quite soon. And they will keep the rhythmic applause going. But they do not cheer. They do not shout. And in America standing11 up to applaud is common. People stand immediately and make lots of vocal12 sounds - lots of shouting ‘Bravo.’ In Germany, you can actually count to three or five slowly after the music stops. Then the applause starts. It is almost like a spiritual feeling. They want to have that spiritual feeling or silence. And then they clap for much longer than anyone else on the planet13!”
  Voice 2
  Some countries even applaud with special kinds of claps or other noises. A writer from China commented online about a special applause used at the Peking Opera:
  Voice 5
  “Sometimes an actor does an especially good job on a song. Then a few members of the audience will call out "Hao!" in a loud voice. This means “Good!” in Chinese. People will call out one here and one there, faster and faster.”
  Voice 1
  But even within a culture there may be differences in how crowds applaud. Jean-Yves Thibaudet is a concert pianist. He thinks that the size of the city affects applause. He told BBC music magazine:
  Voice 6
  “In most of the big capitals people are used to going to a concert. So they will have a similar experience with applause. But sometimes I go to very small places where they do not have so many concerts. Then you hear they have the most incredibly warm and excited response.”
  Voice 2
  Applause may depend on the country or size of the crowd. It may come in many forms. But one thing does not change. Artists, sports players and speakers all enjoy hearing applause. It is an important part of their job. Musician Andrew Litton explains:
  Voice 4
  “An audience’s approval14 is part of the satisfaction that goes with what we do. People have paid money to attend your concert. And you play this music which hopefully the audience will find joyful15 and encouraging and spiritually satisfying. So in the end you would like some thanks for it. It is not for the money that we perform. It is really for the sense of sharing this great music. Part of the sharing process is the applause at the end.”
  Voice 1
  Are there special customs for applause in your home country? Leave your comments on our website at www.radioenglish.net. Or you can email us at radio@ radioenglish .net.
  Voice 2
  The writer of this program was Rena Dam. The producer was Luke Haley. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. This program is called: “The History of Applause.”
  Voice 1
  We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.
 

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
2 symphony 4H3zL     
n.交响乐(曲),(色彩等的)和谐
参考例句:
  • The Ninth Symphony of Beethoven is a famous one.贝多芬的第九交响乐非常有名。
  • They play over the whole symphony.他们把整个交响乐重新演奏了一遍。
3 applause xM2yV     
n.鼓掌,喝彩,赞许
参考例句:
  • His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。
  • His speech won round after round of enthusiastic applause.他的演讲博得了一阵又一阵的热烈掌声。
4 applaud 0MLyU     
vt.鼓掌欢迎,赞同;vi.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼
参考例句:
  • The pupils that had been watching started to applaud.一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。
  • Please don't applaud until everyone has performed.请在每个人表演完毕后再鼓掌。
5 buzzed 5dac5fe2693f06261080d1627432cf47     
v.发出嗡嗡声( buzz的过去式和过去分词 );(发出)充满兴奋的谈话声[闲话,谣言];忙乱,急行;用蜂鸣器(发信号)
参考例句:
  • Bees buzzed lazily among the flowers. 蜜蜂在花丛中懒洋洋地嗡嗡叫着。
  • He buzzed the rumour everywhere. 他到处散播谣言。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 snaps f39016b07552e0a9e74805ef20fe3ae8     
v.猛地咬住( snap的第三人称单数 );(使某物)发出尖厉声音地突然断裂[打开,关闭];厉声地说;拍照
参考例句:
  • The cloth flower snaps on with a special binder. 这布花是用一种特殊的粘合剂固定住的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • As the fish snaps at the bait, it gets caught on the hook. 鱼咬饵时,就被钓在钩上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 complexity KO9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
8 symphonies e1fca4ed22ba0f42bce6a870c524f722     
n.交响乐,交响曲( symphony的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The melody harks back to one of his earlier symphonies. 这首曲子使人想起他早期的一首交响曲。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • No one would deny that Beethoven's symphonies are great masterpieces. 人人都认为贝多芬的交响乐是伟大的杰作。 来自辞典例句
9 launch b29xY     
vt.发动,推出;发射;n.发射,下水,投产
参考例句:
  • The makers are about to launch out a new product.制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。
  • Would it be wise to launch into this rough sea?在这样汹涌的大海中游泳明智吗?
10 rhythmic rXexv     
adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
参考例句:
  • Her breathing became more rhythmic.她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
  • Good breathing is slow,rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
11 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
12 vocal vhOwA     
adj.直言不讳的;嗓音的;n.[pl.]声乐节目
参考例句:
  • The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
  • Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
13 planet A26z1     
n.行星
参考例句:
  • Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun. 海王星是离太阳最远的行星。
  • Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. 然而, 垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。
14 approval zNRyq     
n.赞成,同意;批准,认可
参考例句:
  • The audience has expressed its approval.观众已经认可。
  • The teacher signed his approval.老师做了手势表示同意。
15 joyful N3Fx0     
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
参考例句:
  • She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
  • They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
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