异类之不一样的成功启示录 第16期:曲棍球巡回赛的重要性

 　　And what happens when a player gets chosen for a rep squad¹?

　　一个球员如果能有幸进入曲棍球巡回赛，他将获得什么？

　　He gets better coaching,

　　他会拥有优秀的教练、

　　and his teammates are better,

　　更出色的队友、

　　and he plays fifty or seventy-five games a season

　　一个赛季50到75次的出场机会，

　　instead of twenty games a season

　　而不是像一个赛季只有20次的出场机会的

　　like those left behind in the "house" league,

　　“社区联赛” 一样，

　　and he practices twice or even three times more than he would have otherwise.

　　他的比赛时间增加了两到三倍。

　　In the beginning, his advantage wasn't so much that he was inherently better

　　起初，他的优势或许并不明显，

　　but only that he was a little older,

　　但只要他是一块好料子，

　　but by the age of thirteen or fourteen,

　　当他13岁或者14岁的时候，

　　with the benefit of better coaching and all that extra practise under his belt,

　　就可以发现通过良好的培训和有针对性的练习，

　　he really is better.

　　他就能证明自己是真正的优秀者。

　　So he is the one more likely to make it to Major Junior A, and from there into the big leagues.

　　他就很可能被选进加拿大曲棍球联赛，从这里，他将走进更为顶尖的联赛。

　　Barnsley argues that this kind of skewed age distributions

　　巴恩斯利认为，

　　exist wherever three things happen:

　　在球员筛选、人才分类和区别培训三个环节，

　　selection, streaming, and differentiated³ experience.

　　无一例外地存在马太效应。

　　If you make a dicision about who is good and who is not at an early age;

　　假如你从球员年龄很小的时候便确定谁优秀谁较差，

　　if you separate the so-called talented from the so-called untalented;

　　假如你要从“平庸者”当中挑选出“佼佼者”，

　　and if you provide the so-called talented with a superior experience,

　　假如你要为“佼佼者”的训练开小灶，

　　then you are going to end up giving a huge advantage to that small group of people born closest to the cutoff date.

　　那么，你最终会把机会留给一小部分球员，这些球员的出生日期最为接近法定注册时间。

　　In the United States, football and basketball don't have these problems,

　　但在美国，橄榄球和篮球运动都不存在这类现象。

　　they don't select and stream and differentiate² quite as dramatically.

　　这两类运动不存在球员筛选、人才分类和区别培训的问题，

　　As a result, a child can be a bit behind physically⁴ in those sports

　　结果，很多年幼的小孩，虽然体质上处于弱势，

　　and still play as much as his or her more mature peers.

　　但依旧和那些比他或者她更为成熟年长的人同场竞技。

　　But baseball does.

　　但棒球运动却存在这类问题。

　　The cutoff date for almost all nonschool baseball leagues in the United States is July 31,

　　在美国，非学校棒球联赛的法定注册时间是7月31 日,结果联赛中，

　　with the result that more major league players are born in August than any other month.

　　8月份出生的球员远远多于其他月份出生的球员。

　　The numbers are striking:

　　数字令人惊讶：

　　In 2005, there were 505 Americans born in August playing major league baseball

　　在2005年美国棒球联赛中，有505名球员出生在8月份，

　　versus⁵ 313 born in July.

　　7月份出生的球员只有313人。

1 squad   

n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组

参考例句：

• The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
• A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。

2 differentiate   

vi.(between)区分；vt.区别；使不同

参考例句：

• You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys.你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
• He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.他从未学会分辨善恶。

3 differentiated   

区分，区别，辨别( differentiate的过去式和过去分词 )； 区别对待； 表明…间的差别，构成…间差别的特征

参考例句：

• The development of mouse kidney tubules requires two kinds of differentiated cells. 小鼠肾小管的发育需要有两种分化的细胞。
• In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上，大麦，苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。

4 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

5 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。