万物简史 第38期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(2)

 　　Supernovae occur when a giant star, one much bigger than our own Sun, collapses¹ and then spectacularly explodes, releasing in an instant the energy of a hundred billion suns, burning for a time brighter than all the stars in its galaxy². "It's like a trillion hydrogen bombs going off at once," says Evans. If a supernova explosion happened within five hundred light-years of us, we would be goners, according to Evans—"it would wreck³ the show," as he cheerfully puts it.

　　当一颗巨大的恒星--一颗比我们的太阳还大的恒星--坍缩的时候，它接着会壮观地爆炸，刹那间释放出1000亿颗太阳的能量，一时之间比自己星系里所有的恒星的亮度加起来还要明亮。于是，一颗超新星诞生了。"这景象犹如突然之间引爆了1万亿枚氢弹。"埃文斯说。他还说，要是超新星爆炸发生在离我们只有500光年远的地方，我们就会完蛋--"彻底把锅砸了。"他乐呵呵地说。

　　But the universe is vast, and supernovae are normally much too far away to harm us. In fact, most are so unimaginably distant that their light reaches us as no more than the faintest twinkle. For the month or so that they are visible, all that distinguishes them from the other stars in the sky is that they occupy a point of space that wasn't filled before. It is these anomalous⁴, very occasional pricks⁵ in the crowded dome⁶ of the night sky that the Reverend Evans finds.

　　但是，宇宙是浩瀚的，超新星通常离我们很远很远，不会对我们造成伤害。事实上，大多数远得难以想像，它们的光传到我们这里时不过是淡淡的一闪。有一个月左右的时间，它们可以看得见。它们与天空里别的恒星的惟一不同之处是，它们占领了一点儿以前空无一物的空间。埃文斯在夜间满天星斗的苍穹里寻找的，就是这种很不寻常、非常偶然发生的闪光。

　　To understand what a feat⁷ this is, imagine a standard dining room table covered in a black tablecloth⁸ and someone throwing a handful of salt across it. The scattered⁹ grains can be thought of as a galaxy. Now imagine fifteen hundred more tables like the first one—enough to fill a Wal-Mart parking lot, say, or to make a single line two miles long—each with a random¹⁰ array of salt across it. Now add one grain of salt to any table and let Bob Evans walk among them. At a glance he will spot it. That grain of salt is the supernova.

　　为了理解这是一种多么高超的本事，我们来想像一下，在一张标准的餐桌上铺一块黑桌布，然后撒上一把盐。我们把撒开的盐粒比做一个星系。现在，我们来想像一下，再增加1500张这样的餐桌--足以形成3公里长的一条直线--每一张餐桌上都随意撒上一把盐。现在，在任意一张餐桌上再加一粒盐，让罗伯特·埃文斯在中间行走。他一眼就看到了那粒盐。那粒盐就是超新星。

 

1 collapses   

折叠( collapse的第三人称单数 )； 倒塌； 崩溃； （尤指工作劳累后）坐下

参考例句：

• This bridge table collapses. 这张桥牌桌子能折叠。
• Once Russia collapses, the last chance to stop Hitler will be gone. 一旦俄国垮台，抑止希特勒的最后机会就没有了。

2 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

3 wreck   

n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难

参考例句：

• Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
• No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。

4 anomalous   

adj.反常的；不规则的

参考例句：

• For years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists.几年来这种反常行为让科学家们很困惑。
• The mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。

5 pricks   

刺痛( prick的名词复数 )； 刺孔； 刺痕； 植物的刺

参考例句：

• My skin pricks sometimes. 我的皮肤有时感到刺痛。
• You must obey the rule. It is useless for you to kick against the pricks. 你必须遵守规定，对抗对你是无益的。

6 dome   

n.圆屋顶，拱顶

参考例句：

• The dome was supported by white marble columns.圆顶由白色大理石柱支撑着。
• They formed the dome with the tree's branches.他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。

7 feat   

n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的

参考例句：

• Man's first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.人类首次登月是一个勇敢的壮举。
• He received a medal for his heroic feat.他因其英雄业绩而获得一枚勋章。

8 tablecloth   

n.桌布，台布

参考例句：

• He sat there ruminating and picking at the tablecloth.他坐在那儿沉思，轻轻地抚弄着桌布。
• She smoothed down a wrinkled tablecloth.她把起皱的桌布熨平了。

9 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

10 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。