万物简史 第51期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(15)

 It was he who coined the term "Big Bang," in a moment of facetiousness¹, for a radio broadcast in 1952. He pointed² out that nothing in our understanding of physics could account for why everything, gathered to a point, would suddenly and dramatically begin to expand.

是他1952年在一篇广播稿中开玩笑地创造了大爆炸这个名字。他指出，我们在理解物理学的时候，怎么也解释不了为什么一切会聚合成一点，然后又突然戏剧性地开始膨胀。

Hoyle favored a steady-state theory in which the universe was constantly expanding and continually creating new matter as it went. Hoyle also realized that if stars imploded³ they would liberate⁴ huge amounts of heat—100 million degrees or more, enough to begin to generate the heavier elements in a process known as nucleosynthesis. In 1957, working with others, Hoyle showed how the heavier elements were formed in supernova explosions. For this work, W. A. Fowler, one of his collaborators, received a Nobel Prize. Hoyle, shamefully⁵, did not.

霍伊尔赞成恒稳态学说，该学说认为宇宙在不断膨胀，在此过程中不断创造新的物质。霍伊尔还意识到，要是恒星发生爆聚，便会释放出大量热量--温度在1亿摄氏度以上，足以在被称之为核合成的过程中产生较重的元素。1957年，霍伊尔和别人一起，展示重元素是如何在超新星的爆炸中形成的。由于这项工作，他的合作者W.A.福勒获得了诺贝尔奖。霍伊尔则没有，很难为情。

According to Hoyle's theory, an exploding star would generate enough heat to create all the new elements and spray them into the cosmos⁶ where they would form gaseous⁷ clouds—the interstellar medium as it is known—that could eventually coalesce⁸ into new solar systems. With the new theories it became possible at last to construct plausible⁹ scenarios¹⁰ for how we got here. What we now think we know is this.

根据霍伊尔的理论，一颗爆炸中的恒星会释放出足够的热量来产生所有的新元素，并把它们洒在宇宙里。这些元素会形成气云--就是所谓的星际媒介--最终聚合成新的太阳系。有了这些理论，我们终于可以为我们怎么会来到这个世界的问题构筑一个貌似有理的设想。我们现在认为自己知道的情况如下。

 

1 facetiousness   

n.滑稽

参考例句：

• Jastrow said, with tremulous facetiousness. 杰斯特罗说着，显出抖抖嗦嗦的滑稽样子。 来自辞典例句

2 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

3 imploded   

v.（使）向心聚爆( implode的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The economies of Brazil and Russia imploded in 1998. 巴西与俄罗斯的经济在1998年宣告破裂。 来自互联网
• A startling number of his nominees for senior positions have imploded. 他所提名的高级官员被否决的数目令人震惊。 来自互联网

4 liberate   

v.解放，使获得自由，释出，放出；vt.解放，使获自由

参考例句：

• They did their best to liberate slaves.他们尽最大能力去解放奴隶。
• This will liberate him from economic worry.这将消除他经济上的忧虑。

5 shamefully   

可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地

参考例句：

• He misused his dog shamefully. 他可耻地虐待自己的狗。
• They have served me shamefully for a long time. 长期以来，他们待我很坏。

6 cosmos   

n.宇宙；秩序，和谐

参考例句：

• Our world is but a small part of the cosmos.我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。
• Is there any other intelligent life elsewhere in the cosmos?在宇宙的其他星球上还存在别的有智慧的生物吗？

7 gaseous   

adj.气体的，气态的

参考例句：

• Air whether in the gaseous or liquid state is a fluid.空气，无论是气态的或是液态的，都是一种流体。
• Freon exists both in liquid and gaseous states.氟利昂有液态和气态两种形态。

8 coalesce   

v.联合，结合，合并

参考例句：

• And these rings of gas would then eventually coalesce and form the planets.这些气体环最后终于凝结形成行星。
• They will probably collide again and again until they coalesce.他们可能会一次又一次地发生碰撞，直到他们合并。

9 plausible   

adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的

参考例句：

• His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
• Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。

10 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓