走进剑桥大学 第1期:追溯剑桥

 Established in 1209 the University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University, or simply Cambridge) is the second oldest university in England. The university was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving Oxford¹ after a dispute with the townsfolks there. The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly² referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a htstoric part of British society, the two universities also have a long history of rivalry³ with each other.

建立于1209年,剑桥大学（有时被简称为剑桥）是除了牛津大学以外，英国历史最悠久的大学。 根据记载，剑桥大学成立于1209年，最早是由一批为躲避殴斗而从牛津大学逃离来的学者们建立的。剑桥大学和牛津大学这两所历史悠久的大学因为具有许多共同特点，常常被合称为“牛桥”。作为英国社会历史的一部分，剑桥大学和牛津大学在文化以及实践方面有着许多合作，但除此之外，这两所学校之间同样存在着旷日持久的竞争。

Academically，Cambridge is consistently ranked in the world's top five universities and the leading university in Europe by numerous media and academic rankings. The University's alumni include 85 Nobel Laureates as of 2009.The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities. The history of the University of Cambridge could trace its origin to a crime committed in 1209. Although not always a reliable source, the detail given in contemporaneous writings lends them credence⁴.

从学术成就上来说，在众多媒体和学术机构的排名中，剑桥大学稳居全球排名前五位，同时它也是欧洲各所大学的领头羊。截止至2009年，剑桥大学一共培养了85位诺贝尔奖得主。剑桥大学还是英国名 校联盟“罗素大学集团”的成员。剑桥大学的历史可追溯到1209年的一起刑事案件上。尽管信息来源并不十分可靠，但从相关资料来看，这一说法还是有一定可信度的。

Two Oxford scholars were convicted of the murder or manslaughter of a woman and were hanged by the town authorities with the assent⁵ of King John. In protest at the hanging, the University of Oxford went into voluntary suspension，and scholars migrated to a number of other locations, including the pre-existing school at Cambridge (Cambridge had been recorded as a "school" rather than as a university when John Grim held the office of Master there in 1201). These exiled Oxford scholars (post-graduate researchers by present day terminology) started Cambridge’s life as a university in 1209.

牛津大学的两名学者因被控蓄意谋杀一名妇女，在获得当时的国王约翰的许可后，被牛津当局处以绞刑。为了抗议这一行为，牛津大学开始了罢课，许多学者开始移居其他地方，其中就包括了剑桥学校即剑桥大学的前身。（1201年约翰格林担任校长时，剑桥仅仅被称为一所“学校”，而非“大学”）。这些流亡的牛津学者，在1209年将剑桥学校变成了剑桥大学，赋予了其新的生命力。用今天的标准来看，他们就是一批硕士研究生。

Cambridge is a collegiat university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines.

这所学校是一所学院式大学，由独立管理和独立发展的学院构成，每所学院都拥有自己独立的财产和收入，招收来自各专业的学生。

Sustaining a world-class university demands investment in new facilities, new areas of study, and most importantly, in people; continued fundraising efforts and innovative⁶ partnerships⁷ will be vital. The University celebrated⁸ its 800th anniversary in 2009, marking the legacy⁹ of eight centuries and determined¹⁰ to remain among the world's greatest universities.

要想维持世界一流大学的水准，需要不断地对设备、研究领域，特别是人力资源方面进行投资。因此，持续为剑桥大学募集资金，开拓新的合作关系就变得尤为重要了。2009年是剑桥大学建校800周年，在向世界展示了它在8个世纪里所取得的成就之后，剑桥大学决心继续为保持世界一流大学水平而不断努力。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

3 rivalry   

n.竞争，竞赛，对抗

参考例句：

• The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families.这次争吵是两家不和引起的。
• He had a lot of rivalry with his brothers and sisters.他和兄弟姐妹间经常较劲。

4 credence   

n.信用，祭器台，供桌，凭证

参考例句：

• Don't give credence to all the gossip you hear.不要相信你听到的闲话。
• Police attach credence to the report of an unnamed bystander.警方认为一位不知姓名的目击者的报告很有用。

5 assent   

v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可

参考例句：

• I cannot assent to what you ask.我不能应允你的要求。
• The new bill passed by Parliament has received Royal Assent.议会所通过的新方案已获国王批准。

6 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

7 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

8 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

9 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

10 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。