走进耶鲁大学 第46期:法学院

 Law School

法学院

Yale Law School was established in 1824. The school's prestige and small size make its admissions process among the most selective of any United States law school. Yale has been ranked number one in the country by U.S. News and World Report in every year in which the magazine has published law school rankings.

耶鲁法学院成立于1824年。学院良好的声誉和较小的规模使其成为美国法学院的首选。据《美国新闻与世界报道》每年发布的美国法学院排名，耶鲁法学院一直名列全国第一。

The Yale Law School traces its origins to the earliest days of the 19th century, when law was learned by clerking as an apprentice¹ in a lawyer's office. The first law schools, including the one that became Yale, developed out of this apprenticeship³ system and grew up inside law offices. The future Yale Law School formed in the office of New Haven⁴ lawyer Seth Staples⁵, who owned an exceptional library (an attraction for students at a time when law books were scarce) and began training apprentices² in the early 1800s.

耶鲁大学法学院，最早可追溯到19世纪。当时，学徒在律师事务所作为职员学习法律。第一批法律学院，其中包括后来成为耶鲁法学院的法律学院，创立了这种学徒制体系并在律师事务所内部成长起来。未来的耶鲁法学院在塞斯·史泰博律师事务所内形成，他拥有很大的图书馆（由于当时法律图书匮乏，这对于学生是一种吸引)并在19世纪初开始培训学徒。

The institution is known for its scholarly orientation⁶; a relatively⁷ large number of its graduates choose careers in academia within five years of graduation，while a relatively low number choose to work in law firms. Another feature of Yale Law School's culture since the 1930s，among both faculty⁸ and student graduates, has been an emphasis on the importance of spending at least a few years in government service. Its 7.5-student-to-faculty ratio is the lowest among U.S. law schools.

耶鲁法学院以其学术方向著称，多数毕业生选择毕业后的五年内在学术界就职，而只有少数毕业生选择在法律事务所工作。耶鲁法学院文化的另外一个特征是自20世纪30年代以来，在教员和毕业生中都强调至少在政府服务几年的重要性。学院学生与教师7.5比1的比例是美国法学院中比例最低的。

Yale Law School does not have a traditional grading system. Instead, it grades first-semester first-year students on a simple Credit/No Credit system. For their remaining two and a half years，students are graded on an Honors/Pass/Low Pass/Fail system. Similarly, the school does not officially rank its students. It is also notable for having only a single semester of required classes, instead of the full year most U.S. schools require. Unusually, Yale Law allows first-year students to represent clients through one of its numerous clinics; other law schools typically offer this opportunity only to second- and third-year students.

耶鲁法学院没有一个传统的评分制度。一年级第一学期采取简单的学分制。余下的两年半，学生评分采取优异/通过/尚可和不及格制度。同样，学院并不将学生分等。 另外，值得关注的是，学院只有一学期的必修课，不同于其他大多数美国法学院一年的必修课。此外，耶鲁大学法学院允许一年级的学生作为当事人代表，而其他的法学院通常只将这种机会提供给二三年级的学生。

Yale Law School is one of the world's premier⁹ law schools. It offers an unmatched environment of excellence¹⁰ and educational intimacy¹¹ in the form of world renowned¹² faculty, small classes, and strong encouragement of public service.

耶鲁法学院是世界首屈一指的法学院之一。它提供了无可比拟的教育环境和世界著名的师资，小班教学和强烈鼓励公共服务。

Yale Law School is unique among law schools in that it produces leaders in all walks of life: distinguished¹³ deans and faculty members at law schools across the country and the world; industry CEOs and corporate¹⁴ counsels; founders¹⁵ of nongovernmental organizations and other nonprofit entities¹⁶; entrepreneurs; government servants in federal, state, and local offices and the judiciary-just a few areas in which our alumni's talent and passion and dedication¹⁷ have made a difference. Among the School's graduates are U.S. Presidents and Supreme¹⁸ Court Justices.

耶鲁大学法学院与其他法学院相比显得独特，因为它的毕业生成为社会各阶层的领导者：有在全国以及全世界的法律学院中备受尊敬的院长和教师，有企业的首席执行官和公司法律顾问，有民间组织和其他非营利性组织的创始人，有企业家，还有在联邦、州、地方办事处以及司法部门的政府公务员。这仅仅是耶鲁校友凭借其才华和激情作出贡献的一些领域。在法学院的毕业生中还有美国总统和最高法院法官。

1 apprentice   

n.学徒，徒弟

参考例句：

• My son is an apprentice in a furniture maker's workshop.我的儿子在一家家具厂做学徒。
• The apprentice is not yet out of his time.这徒工还没有出徒。

2 apprentices   

学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They were mere apprentices to piracy. 他们干海盗仅仅是嫩角儿。
• He has two good apprentices working with him. 他身边有两个好徒弟。

3 apprenticeship   

n.学徒身份；学徒期

参考例句：

• She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter. 她当木工学徒已是第二年了。
• He served his apprenticeship with Bob. 他跟鲍勃当学徒。

4 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

5 staples   

n.（某国的）主要产品( staple的名词复数 )；钉书钉；U 形钉；主要部份v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The anvil onto which the staples are pressed was not assemble correctly. 订书机上的铁砧安装错位。 来自辞典例句
• I'm trying to make an analysis of the staples of his talk. 我在试行分析他的谈话的要旨。 来自辞典例句

6 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

7 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

8 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

9 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

10 excellence   

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

• His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
• My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

11 intimacy   

n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行

参考例句：

• His claims to an intimacy with the President are somewhat exaggerated.他声称自己与总统关系密切，这有点言过其实。
• I wish there were a rule book for intimacy.我希望能有个关于亲密的规则。

12 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。

13 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

14 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

15 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

16 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

17 dedication   

n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞

参考例句：

• We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
• Her dedication to her work was admirable.她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。

18 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。