历史上的今天-Today in History 2011-07-21

 July 21st 1861During the American Civil War, Union and Confederate forces fight the first Battle of Bull Run in Manassas, Virginia. The war's first major battle ends in a Confederate victory. So does a Second Battle at Bull Run the following year.

1925In Dayton, Tennessee, the end of what's known as the Scopes Monkey Trial. John Scopes is convicted of violating state law for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in science class. That conviction is later overturned on a technicality.

1954A peace deal concludes nearly 8 years of fighting in what's then known as French Indochina in Southeast Asia. The deal splits Vietnam into a communist North and a non-communist South as France ends its colonial rule in the region. Over the next decade, American involvement in Southeast Asia grows, culminating in the Vietnam War.

1899Author Ernest Hemingway is born in Oak Park, Illinois. Among his works: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls¹ and The Old Man and the Sea .

And 1951You have dreams, maybe one day, your kid will be up there, they're going ...I'd like to thank the Nobel Academy, and you have such a dream when a kid is going to draft size with it?

Robin² Williams, the actor and comedian³ known for his impersonations and movie roles is born in Chicago.

Today in History, July 21st. Camille Bohannon, the Associated Press.

1 tolls   

（缓慢而有规律的）钟声( toll的名词复数 )； 通行费； 损耗； （战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏

参考例句：

• A man collected tolls at the gateway. 一个人在大门口收通行费。
• The long-distance call tolls amount to quite a sum. 长途电话费数目相当可观。

2 robin   

n.知更鸟，红襟鸟

参考例句：

• The robin is the messenger of spring.知更鸟是报春的使者。
• We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天要到了。

3 comedian   

n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员

参考例句：

• The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.喜剧演员的笑话把人们逗乐了。
• The comedian enjoyed great popularity during the 30's.那位喜剧演员在三十年代非常走红。