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新视野大学英语 读写教程第一册 unit5-a

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Unit 5

Section A

Pre-reading Activities

First Listening
Having ideas about an essay before you read it is an important reading skill. Please listen to a short piece of recording1 about AIDS.

Second Listening
Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions to the best of your ability.
1. What is the name of the disease that appeared more than 20 years ago?
2. What war does this passage describe?
3. What must each of us learn to do?

The Battle Against AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome2 (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. Since then, AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans — half in the past few years alone. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die.
Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.
Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing4 programs to stop the spread of AIDS. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.
One organization, the South Carolina AIDS Education Network, formed in 1985 to combat the growing number of AIDS cases. Like many local organizations, this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively. To reach more people in the community, some AIDS educational programs operate out of a beauty shop.
The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to dry. She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments. It's amazing how many people she has educated on the job.
Recently, the network began helping5 hair stylists throughout the Southeast set up similar programs in their shops. They are also valuable resources in spreading information to their schools, community groups, and churches.
The organization has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against AIDS:
Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.
These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces" to illustrate6 ways people can prevent AIDS. They also show people who look like those we need to educate, since people can relate more when they see familiar faces and language they can understand. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities where they are used than government publications, which cost thousands of dollars more to produce.
Train teenagers to educate their peers. Because AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South, the stylists have established an "AIDS Busters" program which trains youth from 8 to 26 to go into the community and teach "AIDS 101" to their peers. They make it simple and explain the risk of catching7 AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can. They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the types of peer pressure their children experience.
Redefine "at risk" to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. One woman's doctor told her she was not at risk for AIDS because she was married and didn't use drugs. Such misinformation plagues the medical establishment. According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.
The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves — regardless of marriage status.
These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis but until there is a cure for AIDS, education represents the only safe measure to guard against the virus.
Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic8 threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency9 stop us from our task. This is an undeclared war that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live.

Words: 700

NEW WORDS

acquire
vt. get by one's own work, skill, etc. 获得;学到

▲immune
a. 1. unable to be diseased or hurt because of special powers in oneself 免疫的
2. protected from 免除的

▲deficiency
n. the state of having none or not enough of 不足,缺乏;缺点,缺陷

◆syndrome
n. a set of qualities, happenings, methods, etc., common to a general condition (具有共性的性质,事件,症状等的)集合

▲diagnose
vt. discover the nature of (a disease) 诊断;判断

infect
vt. 1. put disease into the body of (someone) 感染
2. affect; influence 影响

virus
n. a living thing which can cause a spreading disease in the body, or in plants 病毒

rural
a. of or like the countryside 农村的

constitute
vt. make up; form 组成

segment
n. any of the parts into which something may be divided 部分

alarm
n. sudden fear and worry; a warning of danger 惊慌;警报
vt. cause sudden fear or worry; 使惊恐,使担心

federal
a. 联邦的,联邦制的

implement3
vt. carry out or put into practice 实施,执行

organization (英organisation)
n. 1. a group of people with a special purpose 组织
2. the adjusting or planning of parts so as to form an effective whole 组织,安排

emerge
vi. come or appear 出现

network
n. a large set of lines, wires, etc., that cross or meet one another 网络

combat
vt. fight or struggle against 斗争
n. a fight or battle 斗争

resource
n. (usu. pl.) a possession (esp. of a country) in the form of wealth or goods 资源

creative
a. producing new and fresh ideas and things 创造性的;有创造力的

creatively
ad. 创造性地;有创造力地

client
n. 1. a person who pays a business person, esp. a lawyer for help and advice 当事人
2. a customer 顾客

video
n. 录像,录像机

publication
n. 1.[U] the act of making sth. known to the public; the offering of sth. printed for sale 公布,发表;出版,发行
2.[C] sth. printed 出版物

educate
v. teach; train the nature of 教育

educational
a. of education 教育的

educator
n. a person who educates 教育工作者;教育家

recently
ad. not long ago 最近

southeast
n. the point that is halfway10 between south and east 东南

▲literacy
n. the state of being able to read and/or write 文化;识字

low-literacy
n. 低文化水平

literature
n. 1. written works which are of artistic11 value 文学
2. printed material giving information 资料

solve
vt. find an answer to or a way of dealing12 with 解决,解答

solution
n. (to) an answer to a problem 解决,解答

create
vt. cause sth. to happen or exist 创造

illustrate
vt. show the meaning of (sth.) by giving related pictures or examples 说明

relate
vt. 1. tell (a story) 讲述
2. see or show a joining between 将……联系起来

establish
vt. set up (esp. a school, an organization, etc.) 建立,创办

establishment
n. 1. a business or an organization 机构,企业
2. the act of setting up 建立,确立;确定

■buster
n. sth. or sb. that fights or triumphs over the actual wrong or negative activity 克星

risk
n. a danger 危险,风险
vt. place in danger; take the chance of losing 冒着……的危险

adult
n. a fully13 grown person or animal 成年(人或动物)

pressure
n. the conditions of work, a way of living, etc. which cause worry, stress and difficulty 压力

define
vt. give the meaning of; describe exactly 下定义;描述

redefine
vt. consider sth. in a new way 重新说明

background
n. a person's family, experience, and education 出身背景,经历;背景资料

▲plague
vt. annoy by repeated action 缠绕,烦扰
n. 瘟疫,鼠疫;灾难,祸患

emphasize (英emphasise)
vt. lay stress on 强调

regardless
a. whatever may happen; (of) not influenced by 无论如何

crisis
n. moment of great danger or difficulty 危机

represent
vt. 1. show; be a sign of; stand for 表示,表明
2. act or speak officially for(another person or people) 作为……的代表(或代理)

▲epidemic
n. a widely or rapidly spreading disease; the spread of a disease that infects others 流行病;传染病的蔓延

threaten
v. express or be a warning that one is going to hurt, punish , etc. 扬言;威胁

racial
a. connected with race 种族的

efficiency
n. the quality of being able to do a task successfully, without wasting time or energy 效率

inefficiency
n. the quality of being unable to do a task successfully 效率低下,无效

PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS

be infected with
have or carry (a disease) 感染(疾病)

in place of
instead of 代替

suffer from
experience (sth. unpleasant, e.g. an illness) 受……之苦,患(某种疾病)

pass out
1. give to each person in a group 分发
2. faint 晕倒

as a result
therefore 因此,结果

at risk
in danger 有危险,有风险

regardless of
not influenced by 不顾,不管

the solution to
the answer to ……的解答;解决(解答)……的办法

threaten to do sth.
give warning that one may hurt or punish 扬言要……

distract ... from
take one's attention from 使分心

sign up(for sth.)
(cause to) sign an agreement to take part in sth. 报名参加;签约参加工作(或组织)

PROPER NAMES

AIDS
医]Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病/爱滋病

HIV
医]Human Immunodeficiency Virus 艾滋病病毒,人体免疫缺损病毒

Latino
(pl. Latinos)拉丁美洲人


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
2 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症;并存特性
参考例句:
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
3 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
4 implementing be68540dfa000a0fb38be40d32259215     
v.实现( implement的现在分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句
5 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
6 illustrate IaRxw     
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
参考例句:
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
7 catching cwVztY     
adj.易传染的,有魅力的,迷人的,接住
参考例句:
  • There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
  • Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。
8 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
9 inefficiency N7Xxn     
n.无效率,无能;无效率事例
参考例句:
  • Conflict between management and workers makes for inefficiency in the workplace. 资方与工人之间的冲突使得工厂生产效率很低。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This type of inefficiency arises because workers and management are ill-equipped. 出现此种低效率是因为工人与管理层都能力不足。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 halfway Xrvzdq     
adj.中途的,不彻底的,部分的;adv.半路地,在中途,在半途
参考例句:
  • We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路,天就黑了。
  • In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上,最忌讳的是有始无终。
11 artistic IeWyG     
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
参考例句:
  • The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
  • These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。
12 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
13 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
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