【一起听英语】非洲的经济发展

 非洲的经济发展有多大进步？

Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, the

programme where we discuss a topical subject and introduce you to some of

the interesting vocabulary connected to that topic. I'm Neil and with me today

is Jen.

Jen: Hi there.

Neil: It seems we can't go a day without hearing about the crisis in the Eurozone

getting deeper and deeper. And now it appears it could have a knock on effect

in Africa.

Jen: Yes, the continent is already suffering economically as a result of the Arab

Spring.

Neil: But is it all doom¹ and gloom for Africa? Possibly not... We'll hear more about a

new report which has come out about the economic prospects³ for the

continent, but of course we will start as usual with a quiz question. Are you

ready for it Jen?

Jen: Yes I am. Hit me with it.

Neil: Okay. I would like to know which is the largest country in Africa? Is it:

(a) Egypt

(b) South Africa

(c) Algeria

Jen: Hmm, I wouldn't have chosen any of those but I'll go for (c) Algeria.

 

Neil: Okay, any particular reason?

Jen: I think it looks the biggest on the map, if that makes sense…

Neil: Okay. Have you ever been to Africa?

Jen: I have. I've been to Kenya, which is very lovely but not one of these options

so I don't know.

Neil: Is it a big country?

Jen: It is rather big, yes. 

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Neil: But not as big as these, probably. We will find out the answer at the end of

the programme.

Jen: Now, we were talking about the economic outlook for Africa.

Neil: The African Development Bank has published a report which says that as the

Eurozone crisis deepens, Africa could suffer.

Jen: Listen to this first part of a report from the BBC's Martin Plaut. How does he

say the African economy could be affected⁴?

BBC correspondent Martin Plaut:

If the Arab spring hit Africa's growth last year, it could be Europe that's the problem in 2012.

Europe's difficulties could reduce earnings⁵ from exports and tourism. It could also reduce

international aid and the remittances⁷ from African migrant workers. Despite this, the Bank

concludes that the prospect² for the year ahead is generally optimistic, after what it calls a

decade of impressive growth.

Jen: He said Europe's difficulties could reduce money from exports – that's the

money earned from goods sold abroad. Tourism, international aid and

remittances could also see a drop.

Neil: Remittance⁶ is the money earned by people working abroad and then sent

back to their home country to help their families, for example.

Jen: So the continent is at risk, but the report suggested the prospect – or future

– is generally optimistic. It isn't all doom and gloom!

Neil: No it's not all doom and gloom – meaning bad and depressing news. In fact

the report claims that countries such as Niger are expected to flourish – or

even get stronger – as its growing oil industry will allow its economy to

develop.

Jen: And where else are prospects looking good?

Neil: Nigeria continues to look in good shape as its telecommunications and

construction industries are also expanding.

Jen: But there are a few things which will continue to cause problems across

Africa, such as unemployment and corruption⁸. However, the report focuses on

one thing in particular that is essential to Africa's future. What do you think it

could be?

Neil: Listen to the next part of the report to find out.

BBC correspondent Martin Plaut:

This year's report focuses on Africa's youth. With almost 200 million people aged⁹ between

15 and 24, Africa has the youngest population in the world. And it's growing fast, with

numbers doubling by 2045. But the Bank warns that without urgent action to modernise¹⁰

their economies, African countries risk wasting the potential offered by their youth.

Jen: So the focus of the report was… 

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Neil: Africa's youth. There are lots and lots of young people in Africa. In fact Africa

has the world's youngest population.

Jen: Yes there are over 200 million people between the ages of 15 and 24 and the

number of young people is growing very fast. Can you guess what will happen

by 2045?

Neil: The number of young people will double, according to the report. So there will

be twice as many young people – 400 million. And for that reason, the future

looks positive for many African countries.

Jen: But there are warnings in the final part of the report. It says there is an

urgent need to modernise. If not, African countries risk wasting the potential

of all these young people.

Neil: But generally the outlook is encouraging. Many African countries are seen as

dynamic and exciting places to make investments.

Jen: Let's hope the warnings are listened to and African youth can fulfil its

potential.

Neil: OK, Jen, at the start of the programme I asked you a question about Africa. I

asked you what the largest country in that continent is. Is it:

(a) Egypt

(b) South Africa

(c) Algeria

Jen: And I said (c) Algeria because I think it looks the biggest on the map.

Neil: And well that is a pretty good technique because you are absolutely correct!

Jen: Fantastic!

Neil: OK, we've come to the end of today's programme. Would you mind just

reminding us of some of the words we heard today?

Jen: Of course, they are:

outlook

international aid

remittance

prospect

doom and gloom

dynamic

Neil: That's all we have time for today but do join us again for more 6 Minute

English and for more help with any aspects of your English language studies

go to our website BBCLearningEnglish.com. Bye for now!

Jen: Bye! 

1 doom   

n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定

参考例句：

• The report on our economic situation is full of doom and gloom.这份关于我们经济状况的报告充满了令人绝望和沮丧的调子。
• The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule.独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。

2 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

3 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

6 remittance   

n.汇款，寄款，汇兑

参考例句：

• Your last month's salary will be paid by remittance.最后一个月的薪水将通过汇寄的方式付给你。
• A prompt remittance would be appreciated.速寄汇款不胜感激。

7 remittances   

n.汇寄( remittance的名词复数 )；汇款，汇款额

参考例句：

• He sends regular remittances to his parents. 他定期汇款给他父母。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Remittances sometimes account for as much as 20% of GDP. 在这些国家中，此类汇款有时会占到GDP的20%之多。 来自互联网

8 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

9 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

10 modernise   

vt.使现代化

参考例句：

• If it works,it would help to modernise the entire economy.这项（改革）一旦实施起效，将有助于整体经济的现代化进程。
• They attempted in vain to modernise these antiquated industries.他们企图使这些陈旧的工业现代化，结果劳而无功。