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Argument模板和漂亮句型的整理

时间:2013-08-29 13:13来源:互联网 提供网友:laura6688   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)
  开头
  实验结论
  In this argument, the arguer concludes that …doing…will lead to …To support the conclusion, the arguer points out that…In addition, the arguer reasons that…
  The argument suffers from several critical fallacies.
  自己应该干吗 根据观察和现象
  自己改正 根据因果
  In this argument, the arguer recommends that … should advise … to …To justify1 this claim, the arguer provides the evidence that… Thus… should follow the study’s recommendation and … in order to …
  自己尝试新方法 根据预测 和 假想
  The conclusion in this argument is that … can expect to … by doing … In support of this prediction, the arguer claims that … Moreover, the arguer assumes that this attempt has … benefits:1) to; 2)to; 3)to; This argument is fraught2 with vague, oversimplified, and unwarranted assumptions.
  换一个供应商
  In this argument, the arguer advocates that … should … This recommendation is based on the observation that … Meanwhile, the arguer assumes … to be a better choice … because … This argument is problematic for … reasons.
  自己应该干吗 根据其他州的情况
  In this analysis, the arguer claims that … should … To substantiate3 the conclusion, the arguer cites the example of … where … In addition, the arguer assumes that … This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.
  正文:
  The major problem with this argument is that …
  Another flaw that weakens this argument is that. …
  In addition, the arguer ignores several factors that might undermine the argument.
  … the arguer fails to consider several other relevant factors that might influence …
  For instance … since … what’s more … etc.
  样本的问题:
  When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generation they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate the generalization5
  调查survey 的问题:
  The sample of the survey conducted by the … is vague.
  But we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it represented the public opinions..(民意测验)
  How many people participated?
  The sample of the survey is not representative.
  数据的问题:
  (平均值)The study revealed, on average, only a small statistical6 correlation7 between
  (实验的数据不可靠) the data of the research is unconvincing (样本太小)
  the sample is too small to... (光数字没比例)
  the ratio of four to six
  there is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?
  Insufficient8 Sample
  If the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…]
  The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.
  It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.
  实验组的人:性别,年龄,生理特征
  副作用 有的病人会对抗生素过敏
  错误的类比:
  But the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction9.
  错误的比较:
  The comparison in this argument is incomplete and selective. The arguer discovers that …
  However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding … respectively …
  别的因素:
  Furthermore the arguer ignores the possibility that … may … Unless the arguer also takes this factor into consideration, the comparison is unconvincing.
  It is very likely that … and hence… varies significantly.
  没有因果:
  Confusing causal relation with correlation
  the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that 就算怎样,也不怎样
  Finally, the arguer hints that … but he fails to analyze10 the causes. Is it because… or because … ?
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  其他:
  The fact that … does not necessarily imply that …
  First of all, the argument is based on a hasty generalization. According to the cited studies … which is understandable.
  It is very likely that … and hence… varies significantly.
  分析常用:
  the actual amount of time for doing … respectively …
  The survey is based on two isolated11 examples. The arguer should survey more hospitals of both types.
  How large was the sample
  How many people participated?
  What extent do this participators improve their …speed?
  The arguer fails to indicate the attitude of the residents to the ABC's performance.
  循环假设
  The arguer commits a fallacy of begging the question in assuming that …
  -------------------------------------------------------------
  结尾:
  To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning the percentage of the affected12 families and their geographical13 distribution.
  In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid4 and misleading.
  In conclusion, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between …To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide evidence that …To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about …
  As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that … is the only condition that …Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to rule out other possible causes of the …
  To conclude, this argument is not persuasive14 as it stands.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
2 fraught gfpzp     
adj.充满…的,伴有(危险等)的;忧虑的
参考例句:
  • The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions.未来数月将充满重大的决定。
  • There's no need to look so fraught!用不着那么愁眉苦脸的!
3 substantiate PsRwu     
v.证实;证明...有根据
参考例句:
  • There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
  • These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。
4 invalid V4Oxh     
n.病人,伤残人;adj.有病的,伤残的;无效的
参考例句:
  • He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
  • A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。
5 generalization 6g4xv     
n.普遍性,一般性,概括
参考例句:
  • This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy.这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
  • The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
6 statistical bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
7 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
8 insufficient L5vxu     
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代,科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
9 deduction 0xJx7     
n.减除,扣除,减除额;推论,推理,演绎
参考例句:
  • No deduction in pay is made for absence due to illness.因病请假不扣工资。
  • His deduction led him to the correct conclusion.他的推断使他得出正确的结论。
10 analyze RwUzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
11 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
12 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
13 geographical Cgjxb     
adj.地理的;地区(性)的
参考例句:
  • The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
  • These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。
14 persuasive 0MZxR     
adj.有说服力的,能说得使人相信的
参考例句:
  • His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。
  • The evidence was not really persuasive enough.证据并不是太有说服力。
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