GRE阅读考生回忆：美国原始人的起源

 　　Recent discoveries in New World archaeology¹ along with newscientific methods for analyzing² data have led to new ideas regarding theorigin of the first peoples of the Americas and their time of arrival.

　　新大陆考古发现和新的科学方法

　　The traditional theory held that the first Americans crossed theland bridge from Siberia to Alaska around 11，500 years ago andfollowed an "ice-free corridor" between two large Canadian ice sheets (theLaurentide and Cordilleran) to reach unglaciated lands to the south. These firstinhabitants， whose archaeological sites are scattered³ across North and SouthAmerica， were called the Clovis people， named after thetown in New Mexico where their fluted⁴ spear points used for hunting mammothwere first found in 1932.

　　旧观点：11500年前越冰南下，这些第一批定居者散布在南北美洲，叫做Clovis人。

　　新观点：有更早的12500年前，在智利的MV。

　　There is now convincing evidence of human habitation sites that dateearlier than the Clovis culture including sites located in South America. Monte Verde， a well-studied sitelocated along a river near southern central Chile， dates 12，500 yearsago. This site contains the buried remnants of dwellings⁵， stone toolsincluding large bifacial projectile⁶ points， and preservedmedicinal and edible⁷ plants. How did people manage to settle this far south at such an earlydate? A coastal⁸ migration⁹ route is now gaining more acceptance， rather thanthe older view of small bands moving on foot across the middle of the landbridge between Siberia and Alaska and into the continents. Emergingevidence suggests that people with boats moved along the Pacific coast intoAlaska and northwestern Canada and eventually south to Peru and Chile by 12，500 yearsago—and perhaps much earlier. Archaeologicalevidence in Australia， Melanesia， and Japan indicate boats were in use as far back as 25，000 to 40，000 yearsago. Sea routes would have provided abundant food resources and easierand faster movement than land routes. Many coastal areaswere unglaciated at this time， providing opportunities for landfall along the way. Severalearly sites along the coast of Canada， California， Peru， Ecuador， and Chiledate between 10，000 and 12，000 years ago. Many potential coastal sites are now submerged， makinginvestigation difficult.

　　这么早他们怎么跑这么远的?新：沿海移民路线;旧：从大陆架中间步行(第一段那种)。

　　船：沿太平洋海岸线：Alaska-西北加拿大-Peru和Chile;澳大利亚、Melanesia和日本的考古表明25，000 to 40，000 years ago开始有船。

　　沿海路线比路上好。。。容易landfall，很多site被埋了不好挖。

 

1 archaeology   

n.考古学

参考例句：

• She teaches archaeology at the university.她在大学里教考古学。
• He displayed interest in archaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。

2 analyzing   

v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析

参考例句：

• Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
• He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句

3 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

4 fluted   

a.有凹槽的

参考例句：

• The Taylor house is that white one with the tall fluted column on Polyock Street. 泰勒家的住宅在波洛克街上，就是那幢有高大的雕花柱子的白色屋子。
• Single chimera light pink two-tone fluted star. Plain, pointed. Large. 单瓣深浅不一的亮粉红色星形缟花，花瓣端有凹痕。平坦尖型叶。大型。

5 dwellings   

n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices. 新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
• The hovels which passed for dwellings are being pulled down. 过去用作住室的陋屋正在被拆除。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 projectile   

n.投射物，发射体；adj.向前开进的；推进的；抛掷的

参考例句：

• The vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile can be treated independently.抛射体的竖直方向和水平方向的运动能够分开来处理。
• Have you altered the plans of the projectile as the telegram suggests?你已经按照电报的要求修改炮弹图样了吗?

7 edible   

n.食品，食物；adj.可食用的

参考例句：

• Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
• This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得，那种吃不得。

8 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

9 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。