分析GRE阅读中的难句难词

 　　现在，我们拿GRE阅读NO题的NO8-1这篇文章做一个示范，来说明一下怎样提高新GRE阅读能力。

　　NO8-1，我们从“词--句--篇章”来谈谈这篇文章。

　　原文：

　　Geologists¹ have long known that the Earth‘s mantle² is heterogeneous³， but its spatial⁴ arrangement remains⁵ unresolved-is the mantle essentially⁶ layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic⁷ rocks found on oceanic islands， islands believed to result from mantle plumes⁸ arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge⁹ system， whose source， most geologists contend， is the upper mantle.Some geologists， however， on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered， but that heterogeneity¹⁰ is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating¹¹ upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly， accordingto the vagaries¹² of the fluids’ pathways. We believe， perhaps unimaginatively， that this debate can be resolved through further study， and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.

　　一、难词

　　spatial： a.1.空间的，太空的;2.存在(或者发生)于宇宙空间的plume： n.1.羽状物2.柱，地柱

　　xenolith：俘虏岩

　　percolate:v.1.渗透2.扩散到，弥漫于

　　portions： n.一部分

　　二、难句

　　1.the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，mostgeologists contend，is the upper mantle.

　　对于地幔分层论点来说，最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，即在那些海洋岛屿--这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantle plume)--上发现的火山岩石，是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的，而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，大多数地质学家论辩道，为上部地幔。

　　以上对于新GRE阅读理解解析，就能看出我们分析一篇GRE阅读理解文章时候，需要作出那些准备以及利用什么方向进行GRE阅读理解。希望考生们取得理想的成绩，实现梦想。

 

1 geologists   

地质学家，地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
• Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。

2 mantle   

n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红

参考例句：

• The earth had donned her mantle of brightest green.大地披上了苍翠欲滴的绿色斗篷。
• The mountain was covered with a mantle of snow.山上覆盖着一层雪。

3 heterogeneous   

adj.庞杂的；异类的

参考例句：

• There is a heterogeneous mass of papers in the teacher's office.老师的办公室里堆满了大批不同的论文。
• America has a very heterogeneous population.美国人口是由不同种族组成的。

4 spatial   

adj.空间的，占据空间的

参考例句：

• This part of brain judges the spatial relationship between objects.大脑的这部分判断物体间的空间关系。
• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。

5 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

6 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

7 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

8 plumes   

羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物

参考例句：

• The dancer wore a headdress of pink ostrich plumes. 那位舞蹈演员戴着粉色鸵鸟毛制作的头饰。
• The plumes on her bonnet barely moved as she nodded. 她点点头，那帽子的羽毛在一个劲儿颤动。

9 ridge   

n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭

参考例句：

• We clambered up the hillside to the ridge above.我们沿着山坡费力地爬上了山脊。
• The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.步兵部队正在向前挺进攻打山脊。

10 heterogeneity   

n.异质性；多相性

参考例句：

• The heterogeneity and uneven development of China's economy are rather advantageous in the war of resistance.中国经济的不统一、不平衡，对于抗日战争反为有利。
• In heterogeneity is creation of the world.世界产生自异质性。

11 percolating   

n.渗透v.滤( percolate的现在分词 )；渗透；（思想等）渗透；渗入

参考例句：

• Bubbles simply supply a short cut for the faster-moving percolating gas. 气泡不过是对快速运动的渗透气体提供了一条捷径。 来自辞典例句
• I' ll percolate some coffee, ie make it by percolating. 我去用过滤法煮些咖啡。 来自辞典例句

12 vagaries   

n.奇想( vagary的名词复数 )；异想天开；异常行为；难以预测的情况

参考例句：

• The vagaries of fortune are indeed curious.\" 命运的变化莫测真是不可思议。” 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• The vagaries of inclement weather conditions are avoided to a certain extent. 可以在一定程度上避免变化莫测的恶劣气候影响。 来自辞典例句