创意丰富的人更容易骗人？

 　　Creative thinkers are more likely to cheat as they can come up with elaborate explanations to justify¹ their actions, researchers claim.

　　最近有研究发现，创造力无限的思想者更容易骗人，因为他们能想出各种解释为自己的行为辩护。

　　The psychologists tested a range of students and found that those with vivid imaginations cheated in order to get a bigger financial prize.

　　心理学家测试了一批学生，发现其中有丰富想象力的更容易为了更丰厚的奖金报酬而骗人或作弊。

　　The students then used their creative thinking skills to come up with different reasons for their actions and ultimately assuage² their guilt³.

　　这些学生用他们的创意思维能力想出各种借口为自己的行动辩护，最后减轻了自己的内疚感。

　　'Greater creativity helps individuals solve difficult tasks across many domains,' study researcher Francesca Gino of Harvard University said in a statement, according to LiveScience. 'But creative sparks may lead individuals to take unethical routes when searching for solutions to problems and tasks.'

　　哈佛大学研究人员Francesca Gino表示：“创造力的确有助于人们解决许多领域里面临的困难，但创意的火花可能导致某些人在解决问题完成任务时采取不道德的途径。”

　　Scientists asked 97 students from southeastern U.S. universities to complete a series of recognised psychological tests.

　　科学家研究了美国东南部大学的97名学生，要求他们完成一系列广受认可的心理学测试。

　　Participants looked at drawings with dots on two sides of a diagonal line and were then asked figure out which side had more dots. In half of the 200 tests, there was a virtually identical number of dots on either side.

　　参与者需要看着一条对角线两侧有圆点的图案，然后指出哪一侧的圆点更多。在一共200个测试中，有一半其实两侧的圆点数量相同。

　　The students were then given an incentive⁵ of 5 cents for choosing the right side of the line but only 0.5 cents for picking the left side of diagram.

　　研究者事先告诉学生奖励的方法：选线右侧可以得到5美分，选左侧只能拿到0.5美分。

　　The more creative people chose the more lucrative⁶ right side even though there was no reason for them to believe it had more dots.

　　创意性更丰富的人即使在明知没有理由确定右边的圆点多的情况下，也会选择奖励更为丰厚的右侧。

　　The researchers claim that this is proof that creative individuals construct imaginative justifications⁷ in their mind while cheating, and in particular, when cheating for money.

　　研究人员表示，这可以证明创意丰富的人在欺骗行为时会在心中构建各种充满想象力的借口，尤其涉及到金钱时。

　　A second experiment saw students answer general-knowledge questions by circling their answers on test paper.

　　第二个实验要求学生们回答基础常识问题，答题方式是在试卷上圈出正确的答案。

　　They were then told to transfer their answers to another piece of paper. However, the researcher then told them that this same test sheet had been accidentally marked with the correct answers.

　　研究人员告诉学生，需要将答案誊写到标准答题纸上，但是又告诉他们，由于影印用错纸张，答题纸上已隐约可见正确的答案。

　　Although the students were led to believe there was no way they could get caught cheating, a system was in place to catch those who had.

　　虽然研究者让学生们误以为在转填答案时作弊不会被抓到，但是其实是有追踪学生作弊情况的暗记系统。

　　Once again it was the creative types who had taken shortcuts⁸ by copying the correct answers. During this experiment students also knew they would be paid more for correct answers, so had more incentive to cheat.

　　结果再次发现，创造力强的学生会走捷径抄袭正确答案。在测试过程中学生们也了解正确答案越多，酬劳就会越丰厚，所以他们又有了作弊的动机。

　　'Being able to generate several original justifications for one's own unethical actions thanks to creativity may lead people to feel licensed⁹ to cheat,' the authors wrote in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology¹⁰.

　　《人性与社会心理学报》的作者在文中写到：“创造力使得他们能够为自己的不道德行为找到各种借口，可能会导致这些人觉得自己有骗人的特权。”

　　'The results from the current paper indicate that, in fact, people who are creative or work in environments that promote creative thinking may be the most at risk when they face ethical⁴ dilemmas¹¹.'

　　“现在的研究结果表明，创意强或是在有利于发展创意思维的环境中工作的人更容易面临道德的两难境地。”

　　The study did not identify a link between intelligence and dishonesty. Less intelligent people who lacked creativity were also no more likely to cheat.

　　研究并没有发现智力和不诚实之间存在关联。智力低、缺乏创意性的人一般都不太会骗人。

1 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

2 assuage   

v.缓和，减轻，镇定

参考例句：

• The medicine is used to assuage pain.这种药用来止痛。
• Your messages of cheer should assuage her suffering.你带来的这些振奋人心的消息一定能减轻她的痛苦。

3 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

4 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

5 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

6 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

7 justifications   

正当的理由，辩解的理由( justification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• If he a vulgar person, she does not have justifications for him. 如果他是个低级趣味的人，她早就不会理他了。
• It depends on their effect on competition and possible justifications. 这则取决于它们对于竞争的影响和可能存在的正当抗辩理由。

8 shortcuts   

n.捷径( shortcut的名词复数 )；近路；快捷办法；被切短的东西（尤指烟草）

参考例句：

• In other words, experts want shortcuts to everything. 换句话说，专家需要所有的快捷方式。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Offer shortcuts from the Help menu. 在帮助菜单中提供快捷方式。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 licensed   

adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 这种新药尚未在美国获得许可。
• Is that gun licensed? 那支枪有持枪执照吗？

10 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

11 dilemmas   

n.左右为难( dilemma的名词复数 )；窘境，困境

参考例句：

• They dealt with their dilemmas by mixing perhaps unintentionally an explosive brew. 他们――也许是无意地――把爆炸性的佐料混合在一起，以此来应付困难处境。 来自辞典例句
• Ten years later we encountered the same dilemmas in Vietnam. 十年后，我们又在越南遇到了同样进退两难的局面。 来自辞典例句