英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

被人口头占了便宜?5招教你秒击他们

时间:2016-02-21 12:27来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
特别声明:本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供,供仅参考试用,我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益,请与站长联系,我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

 Want to know how to craft a great zinger? study the presidential debates.

想知道怎样说话能切中要害,给对方一万点暴击?研究研究总统政要们的做法。
We've all had this experience: You're in a debate or a discussion. You're at a loss for words. And of course, after it's all over, you think of exactly the right thing to have said.
我们都曾置身于讨论或是辩论,突然脑抽无话可讲,直到结束后,想想自己其实知道那时候该说什么合适。
I hate that feeling, but do you want to know who really hates it? Politicians.
你肯定懊恼坏了。没关系,遇上这事儿最上火的是我们可爱的政要。
被人口头占了便宜?5招教你秒击他们
Rhetoric1 and words are almost all that they have. Now that we're in the middle of the presidential campaign season, with caucuses2 and primaries about to happen, and one debate after another after another, that gives them an opportunity.
他们所能凭借的几乎只有生动的修辞和激动人心的话语。现在,又到一年竞选时,机密会议、党内初选、一个接一个的辩论......各派党人摩拳擦掌,企图大展拳脚。
Almost no political zinger is spontaneous. Consultants3 have spent millions trying to craft the right lines. And if you study the debates and the candidates' verbal tactics, you can find some great lessons--even blueprints--for using rhetoric to upend your adversary's position.
政治宣讲都不会只是一次次个人的即兴发挥。在这背后,有咨询顾问投以巨资来组织恰当火候的语言组成文稿。如果你曾研究辩论语言和竞选者们的言语攻势,那么你将学到宝贵一课——即使是只研究蓝图——通过修辞来颠倒错乱对手的处境。
Here are five examples--from both Democrats4 and Republicans.
下面是五个相关的例子,有出自民主党的,也有来自共和党的。
1.The dismissive counterpunch.
1.蔑视对手,报以迎击。
Let's start with the kind of one-punch knockout that can really end an opponent's chances. The trick here to know the kind of opportunity you're looking for and be ready. Two great examples:
我们来看两个不给对手留任何招架余地的一击制敌的例子,教会我们要善于发现和运用时机:
First, an example from this cycle--the way Donald Trump5 very effectively sidelined Jeb Bush by repeatedly describing him as "low energy." When Bush came out with guns blazing in one debate, Trump was able to put him off effectively simply by saying, "More energy tonight--I love that!"
第一个,是这个时代的例子——特朗普先生有效打击了杰布·布什的势头,靠的是反复称其“蔫头耷脑”。当布什在一次辩论中大放异彩时,特朗普致以暴击称:“啊哈,终于活过来了,我喜欢!”
Second, a more classic example. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter was running against Ronald Reagan, and Carter had used the same effective line of attack against Reagan--perhaps one too many times.
第二个例子更加经典。在1980年的竞选里,吉米·卡特总统对阵里根时,也用这样的话打击对手——十分有效,但是可能用的有点儿太多了。
Reagan was able to use a little verbal jiujitsu to turn the whole thing around on him in a debate. Instead of engaging, he simply dismissed Carter's line by chuckling6: "Well, there you go again."
里根本可以使用适度的“言语柔道术”来扭转乾坤。但是相比针尖儿对麦芒,里根选择了简单一句话来打趣卡特:“呦呦,继续你的老生常谈吧。”
2.The cool cultural reference.
2.借鉴文化背景。
This one is really hard to pull off. It's about working a cultural reference into your reply to an opponent's rhetorical dig. It can easily backfire--but if you do it effectively, you're in great shape.
这可不是容易事儿,需要从当时当代的文化背景中取材融入准备的宣讲内容里。后果可能适得其反——但是如果能行之有效,出来的效果是很可观的。
Cultural references evolve so quickly, it's hard to recall some of these accurately7, but here are two good examples.
鉴于文化背景演变速度之快,找到恰当的例子也是不易的。不过有两个例子放在这儿说很棒。
The first comes from 2012, when President Obama and Mitt8 Romney were squaring off. Obama wanted to take Romney to task for having suggested that Russia was the biggest foreign challenge facing the United States--not ISIS or another Middle Eastern foe9.
第一个例子发生在2012年的大选,时任总统的奥巴马对阵罗姆尼。奥巴马意图通过指出美国当前的首要劲敌不是伊斯兰国等中东分子,而是俄罗斯。
His line? "The 1980s are calling to ask for their foreign policy back."It worked--but not perfectly--in part, perhaps, because Obama didn't get the cultural put-down exactly right (and maybe because by 2012, that was already kind of a cliché.)
原话怎么讲?“像仍活在上世纪八十年代一样,想用回20多年前的对外政策老套路。”这句话奏效了——但是说得并不完美——因为从某种程度上来说他的话曲解了罗姆尼的本意(也许是已经2012年了,这样说真的是陈词滥调)
A better example might come from 1984, in the Democratic primaries, when eventual10 nominee11 Walter Mondale suggested his rival Gary Hart didn't have any substance by quoting a Wendy's fast food commercial that was popular at the time: "Where's the beef?"
1984这一年民主党核心会议中,有个更好的例子。最终人选沃尔特指责对手哈特没有实力时,引用了一句美国快餐公司万迪的著名广告语:“那么牛肉在哪儿呢?”(指对手的真正实力根本不像看起来那么大)
3.The nod to truth.
3.站在真理一方。
Sometimes, the facts are on your side to the point that you can score simply by getting out of the way.
有时很明显你是占理的一方,那么稍微有所退让也足以让你得分。
A good example? Then-candidate Obama, in 2008, responding to a line of questioning about Hillary Clinton's "likability" by telling her she was "likable enough."
举个生动的例子?08年总统大选时,作为竞选者的奥巴马在回应关于希拉里是否够受大众喜爱时简单回应道:“她超可爱的。”
Perhaps the best came from the year 2000, when Vice-President Al Gore12 walked across the stage and sort of "got into the space" of Republican nominee George W. Bush.
更好的例子发生在2000年,时任副主席的艾伯特·戈尔像迈着太空步一样穿过礼台走向共和党对手小布什。
Bush interrupted his remarks just for a brief second, to nod in Gore's direction--as if to point out how weird13 it was that Gore had walked over. He didn't even have to say anything, but he made his point very clear.
小布什用了一小招就打破了僵局——冲戈尔走来的方向点了点头——不用一言一语,就足以表明自己觉得对方的行为有多滑稽。
4.The elephant in the room.
4.明明很明显,却避之不谈。
Sometimes there's another way to handle an obvious truth--and that's to say it in a manner that is so clear and obvious that there simply is no real response.
有时面对显而易见的事实,最好用的办法其实是和稀泥。
Example: In 1988, Dan Quayle was running for vice-president, and in a debate with the Democratic nominee, Senator Lloyd Bentsen, Quayle made the point that he had as much experience as John Kennedy had when he'd run for president in 1960.
例子:1988年的副主席竞选,丹奎尔与民主党对手参议员本特森激烈辩论。奎尔声称自己的经历和肯尼迪一样丰富,因为他从1960年就参与竞选总统了。
Maybe you weren't even born in 1988, but you might know Bentsen's response--which pretty much solidified14 the mainstream15 opinion of Quayle:
可能1988年是时你还没出生,不过你还是可以从本特森的回复中看出他和稀泥的功力——看似是对对手观点的强化,其实对自身有利。
"Senator, I served with Jack16 Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy."
“我亲爱的参议员,我曾效力于肯尼迪总统。我了解他。肯尼迪总统是我的朋友。不过,你永远不可能成为肯尼迪。”
5.The table-turn.
5.扭转乾坤。
Similarly, sometimes you can take your opponent's exact words and use them to turn everything against him or her.
有时情况就是这么简单,你可以用对手的原话来置其于不利之境地。
As an example, in the Republican debates earlier this year, Jeb Bush started attacking Senator Marco Rubio for having missed votes in the senate while he was campaigning. I'm not sure if this was ever going to be effective, but Rubio knocked him back and disarmed17 the attack simply by observing, "Someone convinced you attacking me is going to help you."
一个例子是,今年度共和党内部辩论中,杰布布什攻击对手马克卢比奥称其在竞选时错过参与议院内投票。我不知道卢比奥的举措是否奏效,不过他的反应时是报以回击称“你这样做是因为自认为攻击我对你的竞选有利。”(我不会通过攻击任何人来赢得竞选)
The most classic example is probably from 1984, when Reagan was running for reelection at age 73. When this was brought up in a debate, he almost seemed to have misunderstood the question in his remark--but it was a genius response:
更经典的案例出自1984年的总统改选,时年73岁。当他的年龄被对手在辩论中提及时,里根几乎误解了自己当时的处境——但他的回复堪称神来一笔:
"I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience," Reagan said.
“我觉得我在这个年龄竞选不成问题。我更不会通过揭露我对手的年轻和没有经验来获得什么政治上的胜利。”
How effective was it? He even left his opponent, Walter Mondale, laughing--and beat him in a landslide18.
这话奏效了吗?里根甚至让他的对手捧腹大笑——也使自己身处劣势赢得竞选。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 rhetoric FCnzz     
n.修辞学,浮夸之言语
参考例句:
  • Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗?
  • Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后,他和军队的关系岌岌可危。
2 caucuses d49ca95184fa2aef8e2ee3b613a6f7dd     
n.(政党决定政策或推举竞选人的)核心成员( caucus的名词复数 );决策干部;决策委员会;秘密会议
参考例句:
  • Republican caucuses will happen in about 410 towns across Maine. 共和党团会议选举将在缅因州的约410个城镇进行。 来自互联网
3 consultants c6fbb5ca6219111731f9c4c4d2675810     
顾问( consultant的名词复数 ); 高级顾问医生,会诊医生
参考例句:
  • a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
  • There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。
4 democrats 655beefefdcaf76097d489a3ff245f76     
n.民主主义者,民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
  • The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
6 chuckling e8dcb29f754603afc12d2f97771139ab     
轻声地笑( chuckle的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read his book. 他看书时,我能听见他的轻声发笑。
  • He couldn't help chuckling aloud. 他忍不住的笑了出来。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
7 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
8 mitt Znszwo     
n.棒球手套,拳击手套,无指手套;vt.铐住,握手
参考例句:
  • I gave him a baseball mitt for his birthday.为祝贺他的生日,我送给他一只棒球手套。
  • Tom squeezed a mitt and a glove into the bag.汤姆把棒球手套和手套都塞进袋子里。
9 foe ygczK     
n.敌人,仇敌
参考例句:
  • He knew that Karl could be an implacable foe.他明白卡尔可能会成为他的死敌。
  • A friend is a friend;a foe is a foe;one must be clearly distinguished from the other.敌是敌,友是友,必须分清界限。
10 eventual AnLx8     
adj.最后的,结局的,最终的
参考例句:
  • Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
  • Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
11 nominee FHLxv     
n.被提名者;被任命者;被推荐者
参考例句:
  • His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
  • Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。
12 gore gevzd     
n.凝血,血污;v.(动物)用角撞伤,用牙刺破;缝以补裆;顶
参考例句:
  • The fox lay dying in a pool of gore.狐狸倒在血泊中奄奄一息。
  • Carruthers had been gored by a rhinoceros.卡拉瑟斯被犀牛顶伤了。
13 weird bghw8     
adj.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的
参考例句:
  • From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来,他好像有点怪。
  • His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。
14 solidified ec92c58adafe8f3291136b615a7bae5b     
(使)成为固体,(使)变硬,(使)变得坚固( solidify的过去式和过去分词 ); 使团结一致; 充实,巩固; 具体化
参考例句:
  • Her attitudes solidified through privilege and habit. 由于特权和习惯使然,她的看法变得越来越难以改变。
  • When threatened, he fires spheres of solidified air from his launcher! 当危险来临,他就会发射它的弹药!
15 mainstream AoCzh9     
n.(思想或行为的)主流;adj.主流的
参考例句:
  • Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
  • Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。
16 jack 53Hxp     
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
参考例句:
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
17 disarmed f147d778a788fe8e4bf22a9bdb60a8ba     
v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 );使息怒
参考例句:
  • Most of the rebels were captured and disarmed. 大部分叛乱分子被俘获并解除了武装。
  • The swordsman disarmed his opponent and ran him through. 剑客缴了对手的械,并对其乱刺一气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
18 landslide XxyyG     
n.(竞选中)压倒多数的选票;一面倒的胜利
参考例句:
  • Our candidate is predicated to win by a landslide.我们的候选人被预言将以绝对优势取胜。
  • An electoral landslide put the Labour Party into power in 1945.1945年工党以压倒多数的胜利当选执政。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   便宜
顶一下
(0)
0%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴