整理托福阅读中易考到的词组

 　　1. a couple of 两三个，几个

　　Although he thought of the key idea in 1951， the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

　　2. account for 解释

　　Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture¹ and appearance.

　　3. adapt to 使适应于

　　They have been able to adapt to ecological² changes.

　　4， adorn³ with sth 用…装饰

　　Some pots were adorned⁴ with incised or stamped decorations.

　　5.appeal to 吸引

　　Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults6.apply to 适用于

　　Ethological theory began to be applied⁵ to research on children in the 1960’s.

　　7.at best 充其量，最多

　　Hunting is at best a precarious⁶ way of procuring⁷ food， even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

　　8.at intervals⁸ 相隔一定距离

　　However， at intervals of 10 to 100 years， these glaciers⁹ move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

　　9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下

　　A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

　　10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期

　　The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

　　11.back and forth¹⁰ 来回地

　　They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

　　12.be absent from 缺席，不在

　　Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power， women line were not considered an important force in history.

　　13.be capable of 能…的

　　Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

　　14. be characterized by 以…为特征

　　The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow， dorsal¹¹ nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement， the brain.

　　15.be composed of 由…组成

　　Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

　　16.be concerned with 与某事物有关

　　Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive， or survival， value of behavior and its Evolutionary¹² history.

　　17.be distinct from 与…不同

　　Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets18.be essential to 对…不可缺少

　　Public performance is essential to verbal art.

　　19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受

　　Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

　　20.be far from 离…很远，根本不是

　　But far from being random¹³， molt¹⁴ is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal¹⁵ time and duration.

　　21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的

　　Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans22.be regarded as 被认为是

　　Humanity's primal¹⁶ efforts to systematize the concepts of size， shapes， and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

　　23.be related to 与…有关的，相联系的

　　Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

　　24. be responsible for 对…负责

　　In fact， nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

　　25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的

　　Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

　　26.be subjected to 经历，遭受

　　Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments¹⁸ is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures， transforming it into petroleum¹⁹.

　　27. be superior to 优越于

　　Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic²⁰ ones28 .be traced to 找出根源

　　The ancestry²¹ of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

　　29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到

　　People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

　　30. be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于

　　In the harsh environment of northern Europe， Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation²²， and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

　　31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的Two distinct processes are involved in molting²³.

　　32.benefit from 从…中受益

　　Students benefit from schools， which require long hours and homework.

　　33.break down 分解

　　All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

　　34.by far 到目前为止

　　Marine²⁴ sediment¹⁷ is by far the most important environment for the preservation²⁵ of fossils.

　　35.by means of 通过，凭借

　　The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

　　36.by virtue²⁶ of 由于

　　Many are uninhabitable， by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内

　　The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

　　38.conform to 符合

　　Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于

　　Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

　　40.cope with 对付

　　Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric²⁷ pressure.

　　41.date back to 始于

　　In the United States， rent controls date back to at least World War II.

　　42. depend on 依靠

　　The gulls²⁸ depend on the falcons²⁹ for protection.

　　43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物

　　Plant stems die when deprived of water.

　　44.derive³⁰ from 获得，起源于

　　Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input³¹.

　　45.due to 由于，因为

　　Due to their dense³² structure， iron meteorites³³ have the best chance of surviving an impact， and most are found by farmers plowing³⁴ their fields.

　　46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…发展来The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

　　这些短语都是新托福阅读考试中常考的，而在托福听力中也会有涉及到，把常用的语句记录下来，对托福阅读考试以及听力是比较轻松的。

 

1 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

2 ecological   

adj.生态的，生态学的

参考例句：

• The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
• Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.

3 adorn   

vt.使美化，装饰

参考例句：

• She loved to adorn herself with finery.她喜欢穿戴华丽的服饰。
• His watercolour designs adorn a wide range of books.他的水彩设计使许多图书大为生色。

4 adorned   

[计]被修饰的

参考例句：

• The walls were adorned with paintings. 墙上装饰了绘画。
• And his coat was adorned with a flamboyant bunch of flowers. 他的外套上面装饰着一束艳丽刺目的鲜花。

5 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

6 precarious   

adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的

参考例句：

• Our financial situation had become precarious.我们的财务状况已变得不稳定了。
• He earned a precarious living as an artist.作为一个艺术家，他过得是朝不保夕的生活。

7 procuring   

v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的现在分词 )；拉皮条

参考例句：

• He was accused of procuring women for his business associates. 他被指控为其生意合伙人招妓。 来自辞典例句
• She had particular pleasure, in procuring him the proper invitation. 她特别高兴为他争得这份体面的邀请。 来自辞典例句

8 intervals   

n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息

参考例句：

• The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴，有阵雨。
• Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。

9 glaciers   

冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
• It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分（高一）

10 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

11 dorsal   

adj.背部的，背脊的

参考例句：

• His dorsal fin was down and his huge pectorals were spread wide.它的脊鳍朝下耷拉着，巨大的胸鳍大张着。
• The shark's dorsal fin was cut off by the fisherman.鲨鱼的背鳍被渔夫割了下来。

12 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

13 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

14 molt   

n.换毛，脱皮，换毛期

参考例句：

• The fourth time they molt,they change into pupae.换第四次皮时，它们蜕变成蛹。
• This veterinary product is very effective in preventing animal molt.这种兽药对于防治兽类掉毛很有效。

15 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

16 primal   

adj.原始的；最重要的

参考例句：

• Jealousy is a primal emotion.嫉妒是最原始的情感。
• Money was a primal necessity to them.对于他们，钱是主要的需要。

17 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

18 sediments   

沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 )； 沉积物

参考例句：

• When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后，体积的70-80％是水。
• Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。

19 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

20 synthetic   

adj.合成的，人工的；综合的；n.人工制品

参考例句：

• We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
• It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。

21 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

22 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

23 molting   

n.蜕皮v.换羽，脱毛( molt的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The old cuticle is digested by molting fluid. 旧表皮被蜕皮液消化。 来自辞典例句
• Molting in insects is triggered by rising levels of a hormone called ecdysone. 昆虫的脱皮是由于称为脱皮素激素的含量升高而引起的。 来自辞典例句

24 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

25 preservation   

n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持

参考例句：

• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
• The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。

26 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

27 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

28 gulls   

n.鸥( gull的名词复数 )v.欺骗某人( gull的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• A flock of sea gulls are hovering over the deck. 一群海鸥在甲板上空飞翔。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The gulls which haunted the outlying rocks in a prodigious number. 数不清的海鸥在遥远的岩石上栖息。 来自辞典例句

29 falcons   

n.猎鹰( falcon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Peregrine falcons usually pluck the feathers and strip the flesh off their bird prey. 游隼捕到鸟类猎物时，通常是先拔掉它们的羽毛，再把肉撕下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Though he doubted the wisdom of using falcons, Dr. de la Fuente undertook the project. 虽然德·拉·富恩特博士怀疑使用游隼是否明智，但他还是执行了这项计划。 来自辞典例句

30 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

31 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

32 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

33 meteorites   

n.陨星( meteorite的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Small meteorites have left impact craters all over the planet's surface. 这个行星的表面布满了小块陨石留下的撞击坑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• One theory about the existence of extraterrestrial life rests on the presence of carbon compounds in meteorites. 地球外存在生命的理论是基于陨星上存在碳化合物质这一事实的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

34 plowing   

v.耕( plow的现在分词 )；犁耕；费力穿过

参考例句：

• "There are things more important now than plowing, Sugar. "如今有比耕种更重要的事情要做呀，宝贝儿。 来自飘（部分）
• Since his wife's death, he has been plowing a lonely furrow. 从他妻子死后，他一直过着孤独的生活。 来自辞典例句