禽流感常用英语词汇

World Health Organization (WHO)联合国世界卫生组织
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)美国国家疾病控制与预防中心
Beijing municipal animal epidemic¹ prevention centre 北京市动物流行病防治中心
bird flu / avian flu / avian influenza² / fowl³ plague / 禽流感，又称真性鸡瘟、欧洲鸡瘟
outbreak 爆发
suspected cases 疑似疫情
confirmed cases 诊断疫情
test positive 检测为阳性
highly pathogenic suspected cases高致病性禽流感疫区
poultry farms 家禽农场
disease-affected areas 疾病感染地区
disposal of animal wastes 动物粪便的处理
disinfection 消毒
inactive virus 非活性病毒
circulate 传播,流传
contagious⁴ 接触传染性的
outbreak 爆发
vaccinate⁵ 注射疫苗
influenza pandemic 流感流行
infection 传染病
virulent⁶ 剧毒的;致命的
strain (身心的)紧张状态
populous 人口众多的,人口稠密的
trigger 触发,引起
respiratory symptom 呼吸道症状
human-to-human transmission 人与人之间的传染
within-family transmission 家庭成员间的传染
pathogen 病原体
mortality rate 死亡率
fever 感冒
cough 咳嗽
sore throat 喉咙疼痛发炎
pneumonia⁷肺炎
acute respiratory distress⁸ 急性的呼吸道疾病
viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎
紫外线 ultraviolet radiation
消毒剂 disinfectants
防护服 protective clothing，masks of N95-type
扑杀（动物） cull，stamp out, destroy
兽体 carcasses
带病毒的(动物)粪便 contaminated manure/droppings/faeces
机械性传媒 mechanical vectors
自然宿主 natural reservoir (of bird flu viruses)
抗传染 resistant⁹ to infection
流感流行 influenza pandemic
禽传人 birds-to-human transmission
人传人 human-to-human transmission, person-to-person transmission
人患禽流感 human cases of bird flu
世界卫生组织全球流感监测网络　WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network
网络实验室 network laboratories
H5N1类禽流感 H5N1 strain
预防措施 pre-emptive measures/preventative measures
有与其它流感病毒交换基因的倾向 to have the propensity¹⁰ to exchange genes¹¹ with influenza viruses from other species.
现有的疫苗 currently available vaccines, existing vaccines
注射疫苗 vaccinate
(病毒)分离 isolate
原型病毒 prototype virus
正粘病毒 Orthomyxo Virus
哺乳动物病毒mammalian virus
流感病毒属Influenza Virus
原型疫苗　prototype vaccine
H5N1原型病毒　H5N1prototype virus
储存疫苗 stockpiling vaccines
突然发病 sudden onset
引发流感流行 trigging an influenza pandemic
病毒突变 mutate，virus mutation
基因交换 gene swapping
基因重组 genetic recombination
基因易变 genetically labile
宿主的防御能力host defense
（基因）复制错误 replication errors
基因修复 gene repair
抗原变体antigenic variant
抗原变异 antigenic variation
抗原飘移 antigenic drift
抗原位移 antigenic shift
从病毒中获取遗传物质 scrambling/acquiring genetic materials from human and avian viruses
“混合器” “mixing vessel”
流感的亚型　influenza subtype
自然免疫力　natural immunity

1 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

2 influenza   

n.流行性感冒，流感

参考例句：

• They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
• Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。

3 fowl   

n.家禽，鸡，禽肉

参考例句：

• Fowl is not part of a traditional brunch.禽肉不是传统的早午餐的一部分。
• Since my heart attack,I've eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat.自从我患了心脏病后，我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉，少吃红色肉类。

4 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

5 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

6 virulent   

adj.有毒的，有恶意的，充满敌意的

参考例句：

• She is very virulent about her former employer.她对她过去的老板恨之入骨。
• I stood up for her despite the virulent criticism.尽管她遭到恶毒的批评，我还是维护她。

7 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

8 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

9 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

10 propensity   

n.倾向；习性

参考例句：

• He has a propensity for drinking too much alcohol.他有酗酒的倾向。
• She hasn't reckoned on his propensity for violence.她不曾料到他有暴力倾向。

11 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪