托福语法讲解：助动词

 托福语法讲解：助动词

　　助动词没有独立的语义，主要作用是协助谓语动词表示时态、语态或构成疑问式、否定式等

　　助动词和情态动词的共同特点是需要和其他动词搭配使用才有意义，而且句子的否定式和疑问式都可通过这两类词体现

　　一、have/has (现在完成时), had (过去完成时)

　　这组助动词主要用来构成完成时态，形式为：have /has /had + 过去分词

　　如：I haven't seen you for ages.

　　She had mentioned this before.

　　二、be

　　be本身可作谓语动词，但在进行时中它是助动词，与现在分词搭配使用，缺一不可

　　如：She's watching a football match.

　　He's looking for his favorite pet.

　　此外，be和过去分词搭配构成被动语态

　　如：The vicar was killed in a car accident.

　　三、do/does (一般现在时), did (一般过去时)

　　此组助动词用于构成疑问式或否定式

　　如：He doesn't feel like smoking¹ at the moment.

　　Did you meet the manager this morning?

　　四、will, shall², would

　　此组助动词用于构成将来时

　　如：He won't be able to see you until an hour later.

　　Mary promised she would pay you a visit soon.

　　例题：

　　(1)

　　The colors of a rainbow ---- arranged³ in the same order.

　　(A) which are always

　　(B) and they are always

　　(C) always

　　(D) are always

　　答案：D

　　解释：空格前是句子的主语，之后是过去分词短语，空格处需要补全句子的谓语，A使原句只有从句无主句；B并列句的前一个分句无谓语；arrange与color是被动关系，C是主动式，可排除；只有D助动词are恰好与arranged构成句子的谓语

1 smoking   

n.吸烟，抽烟；冒烟

参考例句：

• He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
• He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。

2 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

3 arranged   

adj.安排的v.安排，准备( arrange的过去式和过去分词 )；把…（系统地）分类；整理；改编（剧本等）

参考例句：

• The party was arranged quickly. 聚会很快就安排好了。
• Chairs in rows are not as conducive to discussion as chairs arranged in a circle. 椅子成排摆放不如成圈摆放便于讨论。