涨知识：书迷必知的10个神词

 　　1. tsundoku

　　積ん読（买到一本书后就将它闲置在一边不去读它，特别是将它与其他没读过的书放在一起）

　　Tsundoku is a Japanese word that has no direct synonym¹ in English. It means, ‘the act of leaving a book unread after buying it, typically piling it up together with other such unread books.’ This may be similar to being buried under a pile of unread books, which is every book lover’s reality.

　　Tsundoku是一个日语词，在英语中没有直接对应的同义词。这个词意指“买到一本书后就将它闲置在一边不去读它，特别是将它与其他没读过的书放在一起。”这个词所描述的情况或许相当于说一个人被淹没在一堆没读过的书堆中，而这正是每个书迷的现实处境。

　　2. colophon

　　版权页标记

　　A colophon is the easiest way to recognize a publisher because it is a publisher’s emblem² or imprint³ that can often be found on the title page or on the spine⁴ of a book. When a reader starts noticing the same colophon on all their favorite books they may realize this publisher appeals to their reading preferences and may follow future publications.

　　版权页标记是人们识别一本书的出版社最简单的方式，因为它是出版社的标志或印章，会通常出现在一本书的首页或书脊上。当一位读者在自己最喜欢的许多本书上发现同一个版权标记时，他就会意识到，这个出版社出的书很符合他的阅读兴趣，日后就有可能追踪这个出版社所出的书。

　　3. libricide

　　焚书

　　Although rarely used today, libricide—the ‘killing’ of a book—is the last thing any book lover wants to hear about.

　　虽然libricide（它的意思是“焚毁”一本书）这个词当今很少有人用，但它还是任何一位书迷最不愿意听到的事情。

　　4. bibliotaph

　　藏书者

　　Many readers identify as bibliotaphs, or people who bury their books by keeping them under lock and key. Bibliotaphs are often readers who hoard⁵ their books and protect them from others. Such habits may come from bibliolatry, or the extravagant⁶ admiration⁷ of a book, making readers want to protect their stories.

　　许多爱读书的人以藏书者自居，所谓藏书者，指的是将自己的书籍在箱中埋藏起来的人。藏书者们贮藏图书，并且保护自己的书籍免受他人的侵害。这种做法可能来自于圣经崇拜主义者，这些人都极其崇敬书籍，希望将其保护起来。

　　5. princeps

　　初版书

　　The first edition or printing of a book is known as the princeps. Some princeps are worth a great deal both financially and emotionally; a recent example is the Harry⁸ Potter series. Serious book collectors may seek out incunabula, or early printed books (those prior to the year 1501), instead of concerning themselves with modern princeps.

　　一本书的第一版或首次印刷被称为头版书。一些头版书无论是经济上还是情感上都具有非常高的价值；最近有一个例子就是《哈利·波特》系列。一些热衷此道的书籍收藏者就会去寻找与之相关的头版书，即历史早期初版的书物（在1501年之前出版的），而不是去购买现代出版的书。

　　6. bibliognost

　　书目学家

　　This term refers to someone who knows books and bibliography⁹. A bibliognost knows the minutiae¹⁰ of every page. This is one serious book lover!

　　这个词是指那些精通书籍和书目的人。一位书目学家对一本书中的每一个小细节都了若指掌，堪称货真价实的书迷！

　　7. hamartia

　　悲剧性过失

　　Perhaps one of the most gut-wrenching moments in a reading experience is a beloved character’s downfall. Hamartia refers specifically to a fatal flaw that leads to the downfall of a tragic¹¹ hero or heroine. Hamartia is dominantly¹² used in Aristotle’s Poetics to describe the destruction of heroes due to ignorance.

　　看到自己喜欢的角色命运败落，这大概是我们在阅读的时候经历过的最揪心的时刻。悲剧性过失这个词专指在悲剧中至使男女主人公走向灭亡的致命的性格缺陷。亚里士多德在《诗学》中对这个术语做了权威性的解释，亚里士多德用它来形容主人公由于无知走向毁灭的过程。

　　8. librocubilcultarist

　　躺读者

　　Librocubicultarist hasn’t made its way into Oxford¹³ Dictionaries just yet, but it’s a common piece of slang in literary circles used to describe people who read in bed. This word is a product of the Latin liber ‘book’ and cubiculum ‘sleeping chamber’.

　　虽然这个词尚未被牛津词典收录，不过在文学圈里，这个词已经成为作家们管用的俗语，用来形容喜欢躺在床上看书的人。这个词是拉丁词根“书”与“卧榻”复合而成的复合词。

　　9. fascicle

　　分册

　　A fascicle is a part or a number in a work published in installments¹⁴. Notably¹⁵, the OED was published in fascicles over the course of several decades. Today, this word is synonymous with describing a volume, or one of a number of books forming a related set or series.

　　分册指的是分时段刊印的同一部书的一部分或几部分。一个著名的例子是，《牛津英语词典》就是数十年来以分册的形式初版的。如今，这个词被当做“卷”的同义词，指由若干本书组成的一个相互关联的丛书或系列。

　　10. scripturient

　　文思泉涌

　　Although this word is rarely used today, it describes something any book lover is familiar with: an author. A scripturient is simply someone who has a passion for writing. In other words, this is a book lover’s favorite kind of person.

　　尽管这个词如今很少用，它所描述的状态却是每个书籍爱好者都非常熟悉的：它专用以描述作家。简单的说一个scripturient的作家就是怀着创作激情的。换言之，这是书迷们最喜欢的一类人。

1 synonym   

n.同义词，换喻词

参考例句：

• Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore.诸葛亮在民间传说中成了智慧的代名词。
• The term 'industrial democracy' is often used as a synonym for worker participation. “工业民主”这个词常被用作“工人参与”的同义词。

2 emblem   

n.象征，标志；徽章

参考例句：

• Her shirt has the company emblem on it.她的衬衫印有公司的标记。
• The eagle was an emblem of strength and courage.鹰是力量和勇气的象征。

3 imprint   

n.印痕，痕迹；深刻的印象；vt.压印，牢记

参考例句：

• That dictionary is published under the Longman imprint.那本词典以朗曼公司的名义出版。
• Her speech left its imprint on me.她的演讲给我留下了深刻印象。

4 spine   

n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊

参考例句：

• He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
• His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。

5 hoard   

n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积

参考例句：

• They have a hoard of food in the basement.地下室里有他们贮藏的食物。
• How many curios do you hoard in your study?你在你书房里聚藏了多少古玩？

6 extravagant   

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

• They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
• He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。

7 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

8 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

9 bibliography   

n.参考书目；(有关某一专题的)书目

参考例句：

• There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter.在每一章后附有一份有用的参考书目。
• The production of this bibliography is totally automated.这个目录的编制过程全是自动化的。

10 minutiae   

n.微小的细节，细枝末节；（常复数）细节，小事( minutia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the minutiae of the contract 合同细节
• He had memorized the many minutiae of the legal code. 他们讨论旅行的所有细节。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

12 dominantly   

有统治权地，占优势地

参考例句：

• I think my impression-dominantly one of native shrewdness-was probably correct. 我想我第一次的印象——主要是天生精明这一点——大概是不错的。 来自辞典例句
• The financial crimes dominantly the themes of the novels then. 小说中充满了各类金融犯罪的情节。 来自互联网

13 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

14 installments   

部分( installment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The first two installments were pretty close together in 1980. 第一次和节二次提款隔得很近，都是在1980年提的。
• You have an installments sales contract. 你已经订立了一份分期付款的买卖契约了。

15 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。