语法精讲：who, whom, whose, that引导的先行词指人的定语从句

 　who，whom¹，whose和that作为定语从句的引导词，称为关系代词。我们现在来看一下先行词指人时，这四个关系代词的使用问题。下面用句子合并的方法来分析。

　　一、定语从句用who或that做引导词，在从句中做主语。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①The boy is called Jack².句②He broke³ the window.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the boy做定语从句的先行词。在句②中he指句①中提到的the boy也就是定语从句的先行词，he在句中做主语，因此要用who和that引导定语从句，代替句②中的he，也就是说he就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The boy who broke the window is called Jack.

　　注意：一般情况下定语从句要紧挨先行词。

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　The person⁴ must pay⁵ for it./He lost the library book.

　　→The person who lost the library book must pay for it.

　　The boy is very clever./He is wearing the black jacket.

　　→The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　二、定语从句用who，whom或that做引导词，在从句中做宾语。因为是做宾语，所以这些引导词可以省略。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①Do you know the young man?句②We met him at the gate.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the young man做定语从句的先行词。在句②中him指句①中提到的the young man也就是定语从句的先行词，him在句中做宾语，因此要用whom，that或who引导定语从句，代替句②中的him，也就是说him就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③Do you know the young man who/that/whom we met at the gate?(who/that/whom可以省略，句子可以写作：Do you know the young man we met at the gate?)

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　Mr.Lee has come./You want to see him.

　　→Mr.Lee who/whom/that you want to see has come.

　　This is the girl.

　　He worked with her in the office./→This is the girl whom/that/who he worked with in the office.

　　三、定语从句用whose做引导词，在从句中作定语表示“某些人的…”。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①The girl is staying at home today.句②Her mother is ill.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the girl做定语从句的先行词。在句②中her指句①中提到的the girl也就是定语从句的先行词，her在句中做定语，因此要用whose引导定语从句，代替句②中的her，也就是说her就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　The boy is called LiLei./His parents were dead⁶ in the flood⁷.

　　→The boy whose parents were dead is called LiLei

　　Mr.Wang is the policeman./His house caught fire last Sunday.

　　→Mr.Wang is the policeman whose house caught fire last Sunday.

　　巩固练习：

　　一、用定语从句把下面两句话合并为一句。

　　1.Let's ask the man .He is reading⁸ the book over there.

　　2.The girl is Peter's sister.We saw⁹ her yesterday.

　　3.This is Uncle Li.He mended¹⁰ computers for us.

　　4.I know the young man.You mean him.

　　5.I know the boy.His father is a scientist¹¹.

　　二、单项选择

　　1.Have you seen¹² the man _____ car was¹³ stolen¹⁴ just now?

　　A.its B.it's C.whose D.which

　　2.On the bus I saw a student ____ I thought¹⁵ was your brother.

　　A.who B.whom C.which D.whoever¹⁶

　　3.The foreigner¹⁷ ___ visited our school yesterday is from Canada.

　　A.that B.which C.whom D./

　　4.Here is the man ____ you are looking for.

　　A.which B.whom C.what D.where

　　答案：

　　一、

　　1.Let's ask the man who/that is reading the book over there.

　　2.The girl that/whom/who we saw yesterday is Peter's sister.

　　3.This is UncleLi who/that mended computers for us.

　　4.I know the young man whom/that/who you mean.

　　5.I know the boy whose father is a scientist.

　　二、1-4 C A A B

1 whom   

pron.谁（who的宾格）

参考例句：

• That is the man whom I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。
• He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻子并跟她生了两个女儿。

2 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

3 broke   

v.(动词break的过去式)折断；打破

参考例句：

• He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
• After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后，忽然笑了起来。

4 person   

n.人

参考例句：

• I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
• She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。

5 pay   

v.付钱；n.付钱；薪金

参考例句：

• How much did you pay?你付了多少钱？
• His pay is below the average.他的工资低于一般水平。

6 dead   

adj.死的；无生命的；死气沉沉的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
• He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。

7 flood   

n.洪水，水灾；v.灌溉，淹没，泛滥

参考例句：

• The reason for the flood was that heavy rain.水灾是那场大雨造成的。
• It is said that there has been a big flood.据说，那里遭受了一场大洪水的袭击。

8 reading   

n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的

参考例句：

• Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
• He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。

9 saw   

vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯

参考例句：

• Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
• The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。

10 mended   

v.修理，修补( mend的过去式和过去分词 )；改[纠]正；改善[进]；恢复

参考例句：

• I left my watch to be mended last week, is it ready? 上星期我把表放在这里修理的，修好没有？ 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The torn page is mended with tape. 撕破的一页用胶带补好了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 scientist   

n.(自然)科学家

参考例句：

• He is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。
• She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。

12 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

13 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

14 stolen   

v.偷( steal的过去分词 )；悄悄地做，悄悄地走

参考例句：

• A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。
• The stolen car was returned to its rightful owner . 被盗的汽车还给了其合法的主人。

15 thought   

n.想法，思想，思维，思潮，关心，挂念；v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
• She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。

16 whoever   

pron.无论谁，不管谁；任何人

参考例句：

• I'll find the person who did this,whoever he is.我要找出干这件事的人，不管他是谁。
• Whoever does best will get the prize.谁做得最出色谁就得奖。

17 foreigner   

n.外国人，外地人

参考例句：

• The foreigner was eating a hamburger.那个老外正在吃汉堡包。
• The man looks like a foreigner.那个人看起来像个外国人。