托福考试真题辅导：介词解析

 　　介词是托福考试试题中比较活的词性，而且具有一定的难度。中国考生一向对介词感到束手无策，因为英文介词种类繁多且词意多变。不过，托福考试涉及的有关介词的题目重复性很强，而且有规律可循。只要考生善于总结、记忆，还是可以保证得满分的。

　　介词的题目主要分布在Written Expression(16-40题)中，命题焦点：

　　(1)含有介词的固定短语，(2)含有特定含义的介词误用

　　介词常考题型及解题要点

　　1.含有介词的固定短语：短语或词组中的介词不能随意更换或省略

　　全真例题分析

　　(1)Most aquatic¹ animals breathe by means external respiratory organs called gills.

　　答案：C 正确的短语为by means of，其中的介词of不能省略

　　(2) Speed refers only toward the rate of mution without specifying² any direction of motion.(94.8)

　　答案：A 正确短语形式为refer to

　　(3) Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth gathered from the study of rocks, which are analyzed³ to determine their age and composition. (93.8)

　　答案：A正确短语式式为deal with

　　(4)The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.

　　答案：A 正确短语形式为Be composed of

　　(5) Best known for his research in statistical⁴ mechanics and meson physics. Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist⁵ from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.

　　答案：C 正确的短语搭配为share…with

　　(6)The doctrine⁶ of eminent⁷ domain⁸ is based the legal tradition that all real property is subject to the control of the state.

　　答案：A 正确的短语形式为be based on其中的介词on不能省掉。

　　2. 介词用错

　　解题要点：介词与后面的名词通常有固定的搭配习惯，或有特定的语意功能，不能随意更换。通常，介词必有含义，不同的介词会使整个句子表达不同的意思。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现单独划线的介词，应首先考虑它是否使用正确。

　　全真例题分析

　　(1)Scientists claim that an individual can function from about three days when totally deprived of sleep.

　　答案：C from应改用for，表示动作延续的时间应用介词for

　　(2) Canadian scarlet-clad guards and mounties with horseback are part of the summer scenery in Ottawa.

　　答案：B with改为on，“骑在马背上”应用介词on表示位置

　　(3) During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside the sky to rekindle⁹ the light.

　　答案：C inside改为into，介词into表示的动作性；shot…into the sky，天空无边无沿，不能用介词inside来修饰

　　(4) Wild elephants are almost continuously waving their trunks. Both up in the air and down aside the ground.

　　答案：D aside改为on，on the ground 是固定介宾搭配。Ground 没有边沿，无法用aside来修饰

　　(5) Recent studies have shown that air into a house often has higher concentrations of contaminants than heavily polluted air outside.

　　答案：A into改为in，into强调动作，而in表示的是静止的状态。“房间里面的空气”只能用in来表示

　　(6) The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the first skyscraper¹⁰, built on Chicago in 1883.

　　答案：D built on改为built in，城市名前面只能用介词in来修饰

　3.介词between和among的区别

　　解题要点between表示二者之间，among表示三者或更多的整体概念。当A、B、C、D四项选择答案中出现between或者among时，它通常就是此题的命题焦点。

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) The determination of the path of Mars's orbit in 1609 became the unifying¹¹ link among the two formerly¹² separate realms of physics and astronomy.

　　答案：C among改为between

　　(2) The Carlsbad caverns¹³, located in New Mexico, rank between the largest underground labyrinths¹⁴ in the world.

　　答案：B between改为among，表示多数概念或范围时应用among

　　(3) For a long time cotton ranked first bctween Alabama's crops, but today it accounts for only a fraction of the agricultural production.

　　答案：A between改为among，表示范围时应用among

　　以上就是为大家介绍的托福考试的介词解析，各位考试要记牢。那就现在开始做题吧，遇到问题对应其解决方法，看看是不是很有效呢？多总结经验还是好的，像这些做题方法都是托福牛人总结出来的呢，勤奋一些，相信你会是下一个托福牛人!

1 aquatic   

adj.水生的，水栖的

参考例句：

• Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
• We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。

2 specifying   

v.指定( specify的现在分词 )；详述；提出…的条件；使具有特性

参考例句：

• When we describe what the action will affect, we are specifying the noun of the sentence. 当描述动作会影响到什么时，我们指定组成句子的名词。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Procurement section only lists opportunistic infection drugs without specifying which drugs. 采购部分只说明有治疗机会性感染的药物，但并没有说明是什么药物。 来自互联网

3 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

5 physicist   

n.物理学家，研究物理学的人

参考例句：

• He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
• The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。

6 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

7 eminent   

adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的

参考例句：

• We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
• He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。

8 domain   

n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围

参考例句：

• This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
• This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。

9 rekindle   

v.使再振作；再点火

参考例句：

• Nothing could rekindle her extinct passion.她激情已逝,无从心回意转。
• Is there anything could rekindle his extinct passion?有什么事情可重燃他逝去的热情呢？

10 skyscraper   

n.摩天大楼

参考例句：

• The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大楼高耸入云。
• The skyscraper was wrapped in fog.摩天楼为雾所笼罩。

11 unifying   

使联合( unify的现在分词 )； 使相同； 使一致； 统一

参考例句：

• In addition, there were certain religious bonds of a unifying kind. 此外，他们还有某种具有一种统一性质的宗教上的结合。
• There is a unifying theme, and that is the theme of information flow within biological systems. 我们可以用一个总的命题，把生物学系统内的信息流来作为这一研究主题。

12 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

13 caverns   

大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Within were dark caverns; what was inside them, no one could see. 里面是一个黑洞，这里面有什么东西，谁也望不见。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）
• UNDERGROUND Under water grottos, caverns Filled with apes That eat figs. 在水帘洞里，挤满了猿争吃无花果。

14 labyrinths   

迷宫( labyrinth的名词复数 )； （文字，建筑）错综复杂的

参考例句：

• I was engulfed in labyrinths of trouble too great to get out at all. 我陷入困难的迷宫中去，简直无法脱身。
• I've explored ancient castles, palaces, temples, tombs, catacombs and labyrinths. 我曾在古堡、古皇宫、古神庙、古墓、地下墓穴和迷宫中探险。