语法精讲：动词的-ing形式做定语

 　动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词，在英语中使用极其广泛，同时也是高考中的重要考点，因此要求每位高中学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下：

　　动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：

　　1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。

　　2.He asked an embarrassing¹ question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。

　　3.A little child learning² to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。

　　4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?

　　注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如：

　　1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.

　　→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.

　　一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。

　　2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.

　　→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。

　　-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：

　　1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：

　　1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。

　　2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。

　　3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。

　　2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如：

　　1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。

　　2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?

　　正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?

　　3) 有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying³，frightening 等。如：

　　1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。

　　2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。

　　3.There is a page missing⁴ from this book.这本书缺了一页。

　　除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。如：

　　1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。

　　2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。

　　■-ing形式做定语专练

　　1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.

　　A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars.

　　2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.

　　A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover

　　3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school，most _____ were from Germany.

　　A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom

　　4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.

　　A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed

　　5.China is a_____country______to the third world.

　　A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged

　　6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?

　　---A model worker_____our school.

　　A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited

　　7.How many of us________，say，a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion⁵?

　　A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended

　　8.The flowers_____sweet in the botanic⁶ garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt⁷ D.to be smelt

　　答案：D A D D B C B B

1 embarrassing   

adj.使人尴尬的，令人为难的v.（使）窘迫，（使）局促不安( embarrass的现在分词)

参考例句：

• His jokes didn't even raise a smile, which was embarrassing. 听了他讲的笑话，都没人笑一下，真是太尴尬了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name. 当时我完全忘记了她的名字，很是尴尬。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

3 terrifying   

adj.可怕的；极大的v.使恐怖，使惊吓；恐吓(terrify的现在分词)

参考例句：

• This movie is by turn (= alternately) terrifying and very funny. 这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然，一会儿滑稽可笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation. 核轰炸最可怕的方面是核辐射。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 missing   

adj.遗失的，缺少的，失踪的

参考例句：

• Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具，看有无丢失。
• All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了，就短他一个。

5 discussion   

n.讨论，谈论；论述

参考例句：

• It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
• After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨，和平协议渐渐有了眉目。

6 botanic   

植物的，植物学的

参考例句：

• Is the botanic garden open today? 今天植物园开门吗？ 来自口语例句
• It contains pure black olive oil, pro-vitamin B5, botanic gel, etc. 蕴含精纯黑橄榄油、维他命原B5、植物凝胶等。

7 smelt   

v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼

参考例句：

• Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
• Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法，他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼，而改用焦炭。