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语法精讲:动词的-ing形式做定语

时间:2016-03-31 14:06来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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  动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,在英语中使用极其广泛,同时也是高考中的重要考点,因此要求每位高中学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下:

  动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
  1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
  2.He asked an embarrassing1 question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
  3.A little child learning2 to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
  4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?
  注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:
  1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
  →A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
  一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
  2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
  →The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
  -ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
  1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:
  1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
  2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
  3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
  2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如:
  1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
  2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
  正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?
  3) 有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying3,frightening 等。如:
  1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
  2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
  3.There is a page missing4 from this book.这本书缺了一页。
  除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:
  1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
  2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。
  ■-ing形式做定语专练
  1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
  A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars.
  2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
  A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover
  3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school,most _____ were from Germany.
  A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom
  4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
  A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed
  5.China is a_____country______to the third world.
  A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged
  6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?
  ---A model worker_____our school.
  A.talks,visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited
  7.How many of us________,say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion5?
  A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended
  8.The flowers_____sweet in the botanic6 garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
  A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt7 D.to be smelt
  答案:D A D D B C B B

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1 embarrassing ut4ztI     
adj.使人尴尬的,令人为难的v.(使)窘迫,(使)局促不安( embarrass的现在分词)
参考例句:
  • His jokes didn't even raise a smile, which was embarrassing. 听了他讲的笑话,都没人笑一下,真是太尴尬了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name. 当时我完全忘记了她的名字,很是尴尬。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
3 terrifying bpZwH     
adj.可怕的;极大的v.使恐怖,使惊吓;恐吓(terrify的现在分词)
参考例句:
  • This movie is by turn (= alternately) terrifying and very funny. 这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然,一会儿滑稽可笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation. 核轰炸最可怕的方面是核辐射。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 missing 3nTzx7     
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
参考例句:
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
5 discussion 2PBzj     
n.讨论,谈论;论述
参考例句:
  • It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
  • After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨,和平协议渐渐有了眉目。
6 botanic 943129d29d2da36ff55dd9ee0d3f7adc     
植物的,植物学的
参考例句:
  • Is the botanic garden open today? 今天植物园开门吗? 来自口语例句
  • It contains pure black olive oil, pro-vitamin B5, botanic gel, etc. 蕴含精纯黑橄榄油、维他命原B5、植物凝胶等。
7 smelt tiuzKF     
v.熔解,熔炼;n.银白鱼,胡瓜鱼
参考例句:
  • Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
  • Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法,他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼,而改用焦炭。
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