几组易混淆词汇辨析：raise和rise

 　　几组易混淆词汇辨析

　　1.raise vs rise

　　raise和rise的辨析

　　When used as a verb they both have the same general meaning of "to move upwards¹", the main difference is that rise is an intransitiveverb (it does not take an object), while raise is a transitiveverb (it requires an object):

　　当raise和rise做动词用时，两者都有“抬高、提升”的意思，其区别在于rise是不及物动词（后面不加宾语），而raise是及物动词（后面要加宾语）。

　　rise (v) Something rises by itself

　　rise（动词），自动升起

　　Example 1: The sun rises in the east.

　　例1：太阳从东方升起。

　　Example 2: Luther rose slowly from the chair.

　　例2：卢瑟慢慢从椅子上站起身来。

　　Example 3: I will rise tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. to walk the dog.

　　例3：我明天早上要6点起来去遛狗。

　　Rise is an irregularverb: rise / rose / risen

　　rise是一个不规则动词，其变化形式是rise/rose/risen。

　　raise (v) Something else is needed to raise something.

　　Raise（动词），把某物举起

　　Example 1: Linda raised her hand.

　　例1：琳达举起了手。

　　Example 2: The government is going to raise taxes.

　　例2：政府要加税。

　　Example 3: He raised himself into a sitting position.

　　例3：他起身坐了起来。

　　Raise is a regular verb: raise / raised / raised

　　raise是规则动词，其变化形式是raise/raised/raised。

　　2.Assume² vs know vs think

　　assume、know和think的辨析

　　To assumeis a regular verb that means to suppose something to be the true, but without proof³.

　　Assume是一个规则动词，意思是假设某事是真的，但并没有真凭实据。

　　Example: I assume you're here to learn English.

　　例句：我假设你来这里是来学英语的。

　　To know is an irregular verb that means to be absolutelycertain or sure about something, usually through observation, inquiry⁴, or information.

　　Know是一个不规则动词，意思是完全确信、肯定某事，通常是通过观察、询问或各种信息得出的结果。

　　Example: I know I should practise English every day, but I never seem to have the time.

　　例句：我知道我应该每天练习英语，但我似乎从来都找不到时间来这么做。

　　To think is an irregular verb that means to have a particular opinion, belief, or idea about someone or something.

　　Think是一个不规则动词，意思是对某人或某事有一种特别的观点、信念或想法。

　　Example: I think English is a global language.

　　例句：我认为英语是一种全球通用语。

　　Note - If you need to remember which one to use, memorisethis sentence: Why do some people assume they know what other people think about something?

　　提示：如果你想记住这三个词的区别的话，记住下面这个例句就行了：为什么有些人自认为他们知道别人在想些什么？

　　overtake⁵、takeover和take over的辨析

　　Overtake is a verb. It can mean to go beyond something by being better, or if you're driving to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of it.

　　Overtake是一个动词，意思是通过变得更好从而超过某物，或者指开车时的超车，也可以指赶上某人，来到某人的前面。

　　Example: You should always check your rearview mirror before you overtake another car.

　　例句：在你超车前，你应该要查看一下后视镜。

　　Takeover as a noun⁶ is used when one organisation⁷ gains control of a company by buying most of its shares.

　　Takover是一个名词，用来指某个机构通过购买另一个公司的大部分股份从而掌管了该公司。

　　Example: In September 2006 Merck announced their takeover of Serono SA.

　　例句：2006年9月，Merck公司宣布收购Serono SA。

　　Take over as a phrasal verb means to get control of a company by buying most of its shares.

　　Take over是一个动词词组，意思也是通过购买某一个公司的大部分股份从而掌管了该公司，即收购。

　　Example: Merck finally took Serono over in 2007.

　　例句：Merck公司于2007年最终收购了Serono公司。

1 upwards   

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

参考例句：

• The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
• The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

2 assume   

vt.假装；假定，设想；承担；呈现，采取

参考例句：

• I assume that he won't cheat you.想来他是不会骗你的。
• We can't assume anything in this case.在这种情况下我们不可能做出假设。

3 proof   

adj.防...的，耐...的，能防护；n.校样，证据，证明；vt.检验，给...做防护措施

参考例句：

• He is living proof of the wonders of modern medicine.他是当代医学奇迹的活证明。
• The proof was fished up from some old papers.校样在旧文件中被找到了。

4 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

5 overtake   

v.追上，赶过，超过；袭击，压倒

参考例句：

• I had to walk very fast to overtake you.我不得不快走才能赶过你。
• No one could overtake him.没有人能超过他。

6 noun   

n.名词

参考例句：

• What kind of noun is this?这是哪类名词？
• This word is a collective noun.这个词是个集体名词。

7 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。