反义疑问句的回答及特殊情况

 　　对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。

　　例：—He likes playing football, doesn't he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗？

　　—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 是的。/ 不是。

　　—His sister didn't attend¹ the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？

　　—Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。

　　简要总结反意疑问句19条：

　　1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

　　I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

　　2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

　　I wish to have a word with you, may I?

　　3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely², little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

　　The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

　　Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

　　4) 含有ought³ to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

　　He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

　　5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

　　6) 陈述部分的谓语是used⁴ to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

　　He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

　　7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

　　You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

　　8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

　　He would rather read it ten times than recite⁵ it, wouldn't he?

　　9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

　　You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

　　10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

　　He must be a doctor, isn't he?

　　You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

　　11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

　　What colours, aren't they?

　　What a smell, isn't it?

　　12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

　　Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

　　13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

　　Everything is ready, isn't it?

　　14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

　　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

　　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

　　He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

　　He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

　　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

　　I don't think he is bright, is he?

　　We believe she can do it better, can't she?

　　15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

　　Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)

　　Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

　　16) 带情态动词dare⁶或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

　　We need not do it again, need we ?

　　He dare not say so, dare you?

　　当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

　　She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

　　17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

　　Don't do that again, will you?

　　Go with me, will you / won't you ?

　　注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall⁷ we?

　　Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

　　Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

　　18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

　　There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

　　There will not be any trouble, will there?

　　19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

　　It is impossible, isn't it?

　　He is not unkind⁸ to his classmates, is he?

1 attend   

vt.参加，注意，照料；vi.专心，留意，待命

参考例句：

• Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting.明天我将参加会议。
• I think I can attend.我想我能出席。

2 rarely   

adv.很少，难得；非常地，非凡地

参考例句：

• Such fish is rarely met with in the north country.这种鱼在北方难得看到。
• He rarely comes here anymore.现在他难得来这儿了。

3 ought   

v.aux.应该，大概；n.责任

参考例句：

• Ought I to hand in the homework today?我应当在今天交上作业吗？
• They ought to be here by now.他们这个时候该到了。

4 used   

adj.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常

参考例句：

• I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
• He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。

5 recite   

vt/vi.背诵，朗读，叙述

参考例句：

• He is going to recite a poem.他将要朗诵一首诗。
• He can recite that poem from memory.他能凭记忆背诵那首诗。

6 dare   

n.敢，挑战；aux.敢；vi.敢；vt.敢于，勇于面对

参考例句：

• He didn't dare to look at her in the face.他不敢正眼看她。
• How dare you?Take your hand off me at once.放肆！马上把你的手挪开。

7 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

8 unkind   

adj.不仁慈的，不和善的

参考例句：

• He was never unkind to her.他从未亏待过她。
• Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶人有恶报。