非谓语动词being done的结构用法

 　　being done如果构成谓语只有一种可能，就是与动词be一起构成被动语态的进行时态。如：

　　Your steak is being grilled¹ and will be ready in a minute. 您的牛排正在烤着，马上就好。

　　Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck there while it was being repaired. 不幸的是，我的车坏了，在修车的时候，我就被困在那里。

　　但是，作为非谓语动词的being done，其用法则比较复杂，也比较容易用错，本文帮同学们归纳如下。

　　1. 用作定语

　　当非谓语动词being done用作定语时，只能置于被修饰名词之后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。如：

　　Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?

　　We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我们要减少砍伐的树的数量。

　　注意：being done, to be done与done均可用作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作;to be done表示将要发生的被动动作;而done表示已经发生的被动动作。比较：

　　(1) The play________ last month aimed mainly to reflect the local culture.

　　A. produced B. being produced

　　C. to be produced D. having been produced

　　(2) The play________ now aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

　　A. produced B. being produced

　　C. to be produced D. having been produced

　　(3) The play________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009安徽卷)

　　A. produced B. being produced

　　C. to be produced D. having been produced

　　根据每句空格后的时间状语last month, now, next month可知，第(1)题的答案应选A，第(2)题的答案应选B，第(3)题的答案应选C。

　　如果你明白了这个区别，不仅上面这道安徽卷考题你可以轻松地做出来，而且下面这道山东卷考题也就变得很容易了(答案为A)：

　　We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.

　　A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding

　　2. 用作主语

　　being done可以用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。如：

　　Being sent to prison was the final degradation². 堕落到最后的地步就是被关进监狱。

　　Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。

　　有时用作主语的being done可能是系表结构。如：

　　Being lost can be a terrifying³ experience. 迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。

　　3. 用作宾语

　　being done不仅可以用于动词后作宾语，而且可以用作介词后作宾语，也是表示一个被动的动作。如：

　　He tried to escape being punished. 他设法逃避惩罚。

　　He dyed⁴ his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。

　　Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠。

　　You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候，由人带领进入正殿。

　　After [On] being informed the flight would be delayed⁵, we made other arrangements. 在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。

　　请看下面一道考题：

　　I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

　　A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken

　　从句意上看，“我”与“带去法门寺”之间为被动关系，即“我是被带去法门寺”，所以首先应排除表示主动意义的A和C;再从语法上看，remember后接不定式或动名词均可，但有区别：接不定式表示记住去做未做的事，接动名词表示记住已经做过或发生过的事，根据句意和句子中saw用的是一般过去时可知，应用动名词，即答案为D。

1 grilled   

adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go. 他被严厉盘查了两个小时后，警察才放他走。
• He was grilled until he confessed. 他被严加拷问，直到他承认为止。

2 degradation   

n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变

参考例句：

• There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。
• Gambling is always coupled with degradation.赌博总是与堕落相联系。

3 terrifying   

adj.可怕的；极大的v.使恐怖，使惊吓；恐吓(terrify的现在分词)

参考例句：

• This movie is by turn (= alternately) terrifying and very funny. 这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然，一会儿滑稽可笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation. 核轰炸最可怕的方面是核辐射。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 dyed   

给…上色，着色( dye的过去式和过去分词 )； 能染上颜色

参考例句：

• She dyed her hair blonde. 她把头发染成了金黄色。
• He'd dyed his hair, which was almost unheard-of in the 1960s. 他染了头发，这在20世纪60年代是罕见的事。

5 delayed   

adj.延时的，定时的v.（使）耽搁，延误( delay的过去式和过去分词 )；推迟；使延期；使延迟

参考例句：

• Deliveries of mail could be delayed because of cost-cutting. 由于削减成本，邮件的递送可能会延迟。
• The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. 最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。