新东方：高考英语必考语法之状语从句

 　　一、in case引导的状语从句

　　根据语境的不同，in case既可表示“如果”“万一”，引导条件状语从句;也可表示“以防(万一)”，引导目的状语从句。下面两道真题均选in case：

　　1. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day. (北京卷)

　　A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

　　2. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ______ there is a power cut. (重庆卷)

　　A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that

　　【解析】两道题都选in case，均表示“以防万一”。

　　二、before引导的状语从句

　　尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before…”这一句型。如：

　　1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽卷)

　　A. after B. before C. since D. when

　　2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work. (江西卷)

　　A. when B. before C. since D. that

　　【解析】两道题均before。第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a long time before…，意思是“要过很久才会……”;第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before…，意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会……”。

　　三、while引导的状语从句

　　尤其要注意while表示“尽管”“虽然”时的用法(此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句——此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得特别注意!)。如：

　　______ I really don’t like art I find his work impressive¹. (山东卷)

　　A. As B. Since C. If D. While

　　【解析】答案选D。while在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，又如：While the work was difficult it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。/While I understand what you say I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。

　　另外，while表示对比的用法也值得注意(此时它表示“而”)。如：

　　The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津卷)

　　A. since B. when C. as D. while

　　四、when引导的状语从句

　　对于when的用法，同学们最熟悉的是表示“当……的时候”。如：

　　—Where’s that report?

　　—I brought it to you ______ you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. (北京卷)

　　A. if B. when C. because D. before

　　【解析】答案选B。将四个选项逐一填入空格处，只有填when时，意思最通顺。句意为：当你昨天在布莱克先生办公室时我就带给你了。

　　但是when还有一个用法，就是表示“既然”。如：

　　Why do you want a new job ___D___ you’ve got such a good one already?

　　A. that B. where C. which D. when

　　还有一点也需注意，就是when表示“这时(突然)”的用法。如：

　　1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ___B___ I heard the steps. (湖南卷)

　　A. while B. when C. since D. after

　　2. He was about halfway² through his meal ___C___ a familiar voice came to his ears. (辽宁卷)

　　A. why B. where C. when D. while

　　五、unless引导的状语从句

　　unless的意思是“如果不……”“除非”，对于涉及unless的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

　　1. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees but ______ they have eggs or young chicks they don’t use a nest. (湖南卷)

　　A. why B. how C. unless D. where

　　2. I won’t call you ______ something unexpected³ happens. (全国I)

　　A. unless B. whether C. because D. while

　　【解析】两道题都选unless，均表示“除非”。

　　六、until引导的状语从句

　　until的意思是“直到……时”“在……之前”，对于涉及until的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

　　It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___A___ we’ve actually had that lesson. (天津卷)

　　A. until B. after C. since D. when

　　另外，还要注意not…until…这一句式(直到……才)。如：江苏高考网

　　“You can’t have this football back ___D___ you promise not to kick it at my cat again” the old man said firmly. (广东卷)

　　A. because B. since C. when D. until

　　七、once引导的状语从句

　　once的意思是“一旦”，对于涉及once的考题，一般只要能读懂句意，弄清语境，一般不会有问题。如：

　　1. You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence⁴. (福建卷)

　　A. before B. once C. until D. though

　　2. ______ environmental⁵ damage is done it takes many years for the ecosystem⁶ (生态系统) to recover. (江苏卷)

　　A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once

　　【解析】两道题都选once，均表示“一旦”。

　　八、where引导的状语从句

　　where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在……的地方”，此用法许多同学都不是熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。如：

　　1. If you are traveling ______ the customs⁷ are really foreign to your own please do as the Romans do. (天津卷)

　　A. in which B. what C. when D. where

　　2. —Mom what did your doctor say?

　　—He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. (四川卷)

　　A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

　　【解析】两道题都选where，均表示“在……的地方”。

1 impressive   

adj.给人深刻印象的，感人的

参考例句：

• This cinema is so impressive that we can't help crying.这影片如此感人以至我们禁不住流下泪来。
• The suit made him look especially impressive.他穿上这套衣服真精神。

2 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

3 unexpected   

adj.想不到的，意外的

参考例句：

• I always keep some good wine in for unexpected guests.我总保存些好酒，用来招待不速之客。
• His promotion was unexpected.他的升迁出人意料。

4 confidence   

n.信任，信托，自信，信心，把握，大胆，厚颜，过于自信，狂妄

参考例句：

• We have full confidence in our victory.我们有必胜的把握。
• I should like to exchange a few words with you in confidence.我想私下和你交换点意见。

5 environmental   

adj.环境的

参考例句：

• A global environmental meeting is going to be held here.一个全球环境会议将在这里举行。
• We need to cure our environmental problems.我们需要解决环境问题。

6 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

7 customs   

n.海关，关税

参考例句：

• The customs officials turned the man over to the French police.海关官员把那个人移交给了法国警察。
• They are collecting customs.他们正在收缴关税。