高考语法:动词的ing形式做定语

 　　动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,在英语中使用极其广泛,同时也是高考中的重要考点,因此要求每位高中学生对其都应清楚了解并正确运用。下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下:

　　动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:

　　1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。

　　2.He asked an embarrassing¹ question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。

　　3.A little child learning² to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。

　　4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?

　　注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:

　　1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.

　　→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.

　　一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。

　　2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.

　　→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。

　　-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:

　　1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:

　　1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。

　　2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。

　　3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。

　　2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。如:

　　1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。

　　2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?

　　正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?

　　3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying³,frightening等。如:

　　1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。

　　2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。

　　3.There is a page missing⁴ from this book.这本书缺了一页。

　　除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:

　　1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。

　　2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。

　　-ing形式做定语专练

　　1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.

　　A.20 dollars remained  B.20 dollars to remain

　　C.remained 20 dollars  D.remaining 20 dollars.

　　2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.

　　A.covering   B.covered  C.cover  D.to cover

　　3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school,most _____ were from Germany.

　　A.study;of whomB.study;of them

　　C.studying;of them  D.studying;of whom

　　4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.

　　A.to be discussing   B.to discuss

　　C.been discussed D.being discussed

　　5.China is a_____country______to the third world.

　　A.developed;belongs   B.developing;belonging

　　C.developing;belongs  D.developed;belonged

　　6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?

　　---A model worker_____our school.

　　A.talks,visits   B.is talking;is visiting

　　C.talking;visiting  D.talking;visited

　　7.How many of us________,say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion⁵?

　　A.attend  B.attending  C.to attend  D.have attended

　　8.The flowers_____sweet in the botanic⁶ garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A.to smell   B.smelling  C.smelt⁷  D.to be smelt

　　答案:D A D D B C B B

1 embarrassing   

adj.使人尴尬的，令人为难的v.（使）窘迫，（使）局促不安( embarrass的现在分词)

参考例句：

• His jokes didn't even raise a smile, which was embarrassing. 听了他讲的笑话，都没人笑一下，真是太尴尬了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name. 当时我完全忘记了她的名字，很是尴尬。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

3 terrifying   

adj.可怕的；极大的v.使恐怖，使惊吓；恐吓(terrify的现在分词)

参考例句：

• This movie is by turn (= alternately) terrifying and very funny. 这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然，一会儿滑稽可笑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The most terrifying aspect of nuclear bombing is radiation. 核轰炸最可怕的方面是核辐射。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 missing   

adj.遗失的，缺少的，失踪的

参考例句：

• Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具，看有无丢失。
• All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了，就短他一个。

5 discussion   

n.讨论，谈论；论述

参考例句：

• It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
• After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨，和平协议渐渐有了眉目。

6 botanic   

植物的，植物学的

参考例句：

• Is the botanic garden open today? 今天植物园开门吗？ 来自口语例句
• It contains pure black olive oil, pro-vitamin B5, botanic gel, etc. 蕴含精纯黑橄榄油、维他命原B5、植物凝胶等。

7 smelt   

v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼

参考例句：

• Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
• Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法，他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼，而改用焦炭。