主谓一致易错题

 　　主谓一致是指：

　　1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

　　2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

　　3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

　　并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.

　　注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

　　典型例题

　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

　　A. is　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were

　　答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B.

　　主谓一致中的靠近原则

　　1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

　　There is a pen， a knife and several books on the desk……

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

　　2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here，there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

　　Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen，a few envelops¹ and some paper for you.谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with， together with， like， except， but， no less than， as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.

　　谓语需用单数

　　1）代词each和由every，some，no，any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each，every，谓语需用单数。

　　Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch.

　　2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

　　The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers² of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

　　3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。（用复数也可，意思不变。）

　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.

　　指代意义决定谓语的单复数

　　1） 在代词what，which，who，none，some，any，more，most，all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

　　All is right.（一切顺利。）

　　All are present.（所有人都到齐了。）

　　2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family， audience， crew， crowd， class， company， committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。

　　His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

　　His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

　　但集合名词people，police，cattle，poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

　　Are there any police around？

　　3）有些名词，如variety，number，population，proportion，majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。

　　A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

　　The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

　　A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.

　　与后接名词或代词保持一致

　　1） 用half of， part of， most of， a portion³ of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。

　　Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

　　2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

　　Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

　　考题精选：

　　1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.

　　A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known （86）

　　2.All but one _____ here just now.

　　A. is B. was C. has been D. were （87）

　　3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination⁴ after another.

　　A. is B. are C. am D. be （89）

　　4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.

　　A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered （90）

　　5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.

　　A. is not decided⁵ B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided （91）

　　6.The number of people invited ____ fifty， but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

　　A. were，was B. was，was C. was ，were D. were，were （96）

　　7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.

　　A. Two fifth ，is B. Two fifth ， are C. Two fifths，is D. Two fifths，are （2000）

　　8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

　　A. have B. has C. have been D. has been

　　9.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching⁶ building.

　　A. stand B. stands C. standing⁷ D. are

　　10.All that can be done______.

　　A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done

　　KEYS：

　　1.B 主语是Nobody

　　2. D all代指所有人，因此用复数

　　3.B 就近原则，与Jane and Mary保持一致

　　4. A 主语是A library

　　5. A 主语是单数，yet常用完成时

　　6.C the number of ＋单数谓语"……的数量" a number of＋复数谓语"许多……"

　　7. C 分数做主语时，谓语的单复数参看of后面的名词。Land是单数

　　8. C 先行词含有one of……，定语从句的谓语常用复数，是the one of，定语从句的谓语常用单数

　　9. B 倒装结构，主语是后面的building

　　10.A 主语是all，代指一切事情，看成单数。"能做的一切都已经做了"

1 envelops   

v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• He glued many envelops yesterday. 他昨天用胶粘了许多信封。 来自辞典例句
• Ask your friends or mother and father to save used envelops for you. 让你的朋友或父母为你留下用过的信封。 来自英语晨读30分（高二）

2 lovers   

爱好者( lover的名词复数 )； 情人； 情夫； 情侣

参考例句：

• They were off-screen lovers. 他们是真实生活中的情侣。
• Shakespeare's star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧和朱丽叶这一对莎士比亚笔下命运多舛的恋人

3 portion   

n.部分，份，命运；v.将...分配，分配

参考例句：

• You are paid your portion not later than a week. 不会晚于一周你就可以得到你那一部分报酬。
• Three thousand dollars is no more than a portion.3000美元只不过是一部分。

4 examination   

n.考试，考查，试题；检查，调查

参考例句：

• Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
• He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 teaching   

n.教学，执教，任教，讲授；(复数)教诲

参考例句：

• We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
• He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。

7 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。