英语分类词汇：教育

 　　人才枯竭 exhaustion¹ of human resources

　　辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver

　　基金会 foundation

　　服务性行业 service trade

　　在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training

　　国际劳工组织 International Labor² Organization

　　基础科学 the fundamentals

　　学分制 the credit system

　　三学期制 the trimester system

　　双学士制 a double BA degree system

　　主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor³ field

　　教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and

　　production

　　三结合联合体 tripartite complex

　　定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers

　　包分配 guarantee job assignments

　　燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program

　　示范试点 demonstration⁴ pilot project

　　结合、使加入 incorporate

　　动员 mobilize

　　税收 tax revenue

　　多学科的 multi-disciplinary

　　重点大学 key university

　　授予(学士)confer

　　被授权 be authorized⁵ to do

　　博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies

　　专业 speciality

　　爱国人士 patriotic⁶ personage

　　国家发明奖 National Invention Prize

　　国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences

　　国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology

　　学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium⁷

　　记者招待会 press conference

　　国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commission

　　国家统计局 the State Statistical⁸ Bureau

　　国家教育经费 national expenditure⁹ on education

　　财政拨款 financial allocation

　　半文盲 semiliterate¹⁰; functional¹¹ illiterate¹²

　　毕业论文 thesis; dissertation¹³

　　毕业实习 graduation field work

　　毕业设计 graduation design

　　毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement

　　毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate

　　毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal¹⁴

　　博士生导师 Ph.D advisor¹⁵; doctoral advisor(supervisor)

　　授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.

　　升级 to be promoted to a higher grade

　　留级 to repeat the year"s work; to stay down

　　补考 make-up examination

　　升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school

　　升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

　　奖学金 scholarship

　　(国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy

　　领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student

　　学费 tuition (fee)

　　伙食费 board expenses

　　伙食补助 food allowance

　　占百分比 account for ...%

　　专任教师 full-time¹⁶ teacher

　　资料中心 data center

　　国际文化交流 intercultural communication

　　教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education

　　教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和

　　接班人。

　　Education must serve the needs of socialist¹⁷ modernization¹⁸, be integrated with

　　productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed

　　morally, intellectuall and physically¹⁹.

　　适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。

　　a socialist education system with distince Chinese characteristics that meets

　　the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century

　　坚持社会主义方向

　　to keep to the socialist orientation²⁰

　　身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.

　　德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and

　　ability

　　成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty

　　ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline

　　教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来

　　Gear educaiton to the needs of modernization, the world and the future

　　爱国主义教育 education in patrotisem

　　国际主义教育 education in internationalism

　　集体主义教育 education in collectivism

　　共产主义教育 education in communism

　　共产主义道德品质 communist ethics²¹

　　政治思想教育 political and ideological²² education

　　五爱(爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物)

　　"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good

　　care of public property.

　　教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge

　　培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力

　　to cultivate the ability to analyze²³ and solve concrete problems independently

　　启发学生独立思考的能力

　　to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves

　　培养学生自学能力

　　to foster the students" ability to study on their own

　　发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students" initiative and

　　creativeness

　　自学成才 to become educated through independent study

　　启发式 elicitation²⁴ method (of teaching); heuristic method

　　填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

　　普及教育 universal education

　　义务教育 compulsory²⁵ education; free education

　　学前教育 preschool education

　　初等教育 elementary education

　　中等教育 secondary education

　　高等教育 higher/tertiary education

　　普遍教育 general education

　　成人教育 adult education

　　职业技术教育 vocational and technical education

　　高等学校 institution of higher education

　　综合性大学 comprehensive university

　　文科大学 university of liberal arts

　　文科院校 colleges of art

　　理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering

　　师范大学 normal university; teachers" university

　　师范学院 teachers" college

　　工业大学 polytechnical university

　　工业学院 engineering institute

　　农业大学 agricultural university

　　农学院 agricultural college

　　医科大学 medical university

　　医学院 medical college/school

　　中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine

　　音乐学院 conservatory²⁷ of music

　　美术学院 academy of fine arts

　　体育学院 physical culture institute

　　分校 branch school

　　重点学校 key school

　　业余学校 spare-time school

　　业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers

　　电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university

　　函授学院 correspondence school

　　教师进修学校 teachers" college for vocational studies

　　成人夜校 night school for adults

　　业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school

　　半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school

　　中等专业学校 secondary specialized²⁸ school; polytechnic²⁶ school

　　中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school

　　职业学校 vocational school

　　附中 attached middle school

　　在职进修班 in-service training course

　　进修班 class for advanced studies

　　短训班 short-term training course

　　专修科 special (training) course

　　自学考试 self-taught examination

　　教职员 teaching and administrative²⁹ staff

　　教学人员 the faculty³⁰; teaching staff

　　中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal

　　大专院校校长 president; chancellor³¹

　　教务长 dean of studies

　　(系)主任 chairman; chairperson

　　副主任 vice-chairman

　　教授 professor

　　副教授 associate professor

　　客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor

　　讲师 lecturer

　　助教 assistant

　　专职教师 full-time teacher

　　兼职教师 part-time teacher

　　辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work

　　教研室/组 teaching and research section/group

　　教学组 teaching group

　　教员休息室 staff room; common room

　　母校 Alma Mater

　　校友 alumnus; alumna³²

　　学生会 students" union/association

　　高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades

　　低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

　　走读生 day student; non-resident student

　　住宿生 boarder

　　旁听生 auditor³³

　　研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student)

　　应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year"s graduates

　　听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture

　　公开课 open class

　　课程 course; curriculum

　　必修课 required/compulsory course

　　选修课 elective/optional course

　　基础课 basic course

　　专业课 specialized course

　　课程表 school timetable

　　课外活动 extracurricular activities

　　课外辅导 instruction after class

　　课外阅读 outside reading

　　课堂讨论 class discussion

　　(大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar

　　教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus³⁴

　　教学内容 content of courses

　　学习年限 period of schooling³⁵

　　学历 record of formal schooling

　　学年 school/academic year

　　学期 (school)term; semester

　　学分 credit

　　分数 mark; grade

　　五分制 the 5-grade marking system

　　百分制 100-mark system

　　学习成绩 academic record; school record

　　成绩单 school report; report card; transcript³⁶

　　基本框架 basic framework

　　办学效益 efficiency in school management

　　协调发展 doordinated and balanced program of development

　　教育投入 input³⁷ in education

　　优化教师队伍 optimize³⁸ the teaching staff

　　实行分区规划 practice regional planning

　　社会参与 communal³⁹ participation⁴⁰

　　新增劳动力 incoming labor force

　　职前教育 pre-service education

　　岗位培训 undergo job-specific training

　　提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awareness⁴¹ of ...

　　职业道德 professional ethics

　　重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study

　　(大学)专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher

　　education programs

　　扫盲班 literacy class

　　注册人数 enrollment

　　年龄段(层)age bracket

　　反复灌输 inculcate

　　希望工程 Project Hope

　　学龄儿童 school-ager

1 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

2 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

3 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

4 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

5 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

6 patriotic   

adj.爱国的，有爱国心的

参考例句：

• His speech was full of patriotic sentiments.他的演说充满了爱国之情。
• The old man is a patriotic overseas Chinese.这位老人是一位爱国华侨。

7 symposium   

n.讨论会，专题报告会；专题论文集

参考例句：

• What have you learned from the symposium?你参加了这次科学讨论会有什么体会？
• The specialists and scholars present at the symposium come from all corners of the country.出席研讨会的专家学者们来自全国各地。

8 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

9 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

10 semiliterate   

n.半文盲，有初等文化者

参考例句：

• The study pointed out that over 23 million adult Americans are semiliterate.该项研究指出，越过2300万的美国成年人是半文盲。
• In the past,West China most people were the illiterate person,the semiliterate.过去，华西大多数人是文盲、半文盲。

11 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

12 illiterate   

adj.文盲的；无知的；n.文盲

参考例句：

• There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。
• I was an illiterate in the old society,but now I can read.我这个旧社会的文盲，今天也认字了。

13 dissertation   

n.（博士学位）论文，学术演讲，专题论文

参考例句：

• He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
• He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。

14 appraisal   

n.对…作出的评价；评价，鉴定，评估

参考例句：

• What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的？
• We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。

15 advisor   

n.顾问，指导老师，劝告者

参考例句：

• They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
• The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。

16 full-time   

adj.满工作日的或工作周的，全时间的

参考例句：

• A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
• I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。

17 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

18 modernization   

n.现代化，现代化的事物

参考例句：

• This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
• The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。

19 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

20 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

21 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

22 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

23 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。

24 elicitation   

引出； 诱出； 抽出； 启发

参考例句：

• Requirements engineering consists of activities like requirements elicitation, specification and validation. 需求工程包括的活动有需求捕获，需求定义和需求验证。
• Application of Teaching Method of Elicitation for the Engineering Graphics Course. 工程制图课程教学改革的思考与实践。

25 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

26 polytechnic   

adj.各种工艺的，综合技术的；n.工艺(专科)学校；理工(专科)学校

参考例句：

• She was trained as a teacher at Manchester Polytechnic.她在曼彻斯特工艺专科学校就读，准备毕业后做老师。
• When he was 17,Einstein entered the Polytechnic Zurich,Switzerland,where he studied mathematics and physics.17岁时，爱因斯坦进入了瑞士苏黎士的专科学院，学习数学和物理学。

27 conservatory   

n.温室，音乐学院；adj.保存性的，有保存力的

参考例句：

• At the conservatory,he learned how to score a musical composition.在音乐学校里，他学会了怎样谱曲。
• The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.这个现代化温室的环境不适合培育植物。

28 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

29 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

30 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

31 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

32 alumna   

n.女校友，女毕业生 (pl.alumnae)

参考例句：

• I came across a old alumna in the street this morning.今天早上我在街上碰见一位老校友。
• My alumni and alumna are present at my birthday party.我的男校友和女校友都出席了我的生日聚会。

33 auditor   

n.审计员，旁听着

参考例句：

• The auditor was required to produce his working papers.那个审计员被要求提供其工作底稿。
• The auditor examines the accounts of all county officers and departments.审计员查对所有县官员及各部门的帐目。

34 syllabus   

n.教学大纲，课程大纲

参考例句：

• Have you got next year's syllabus?你拿到明年的教学大纲了吗？
• We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students.我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化，可以多吸引学生。

35 schooling   

n.教育；正规学校教育

参考例句：

• A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
• Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

36 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

37 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

38 optimize   

v.使优化 [=optimise]

参考例句：

• We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
• We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。

39 communal   

adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的

参考例句：

• There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
• The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。

40 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

41 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。