雅思小作文词汇句式(2)

 　　第二部分：Task1 写作常识

　　一、图形种类及概述法：

　　泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

　　饼图：pie chart

　　直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram

　　趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram

　　表格图：table

　　流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram

　　程序图：processing/procedures diagram

　　以下是一些较常用的描述用法

　　The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)

　　According to the table/chart diagram/graph

　　As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

　　As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,

　　figures/statistics shows (that)...

　　It can be seen from the figures/statistics

　　We can see from the figures/statistics

　　It is clear from the figures/statistics

　　It is apparent from the figures/statistics

　　table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ...

　　table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

　　阅卷考官经常是不会看那些图表的，因此文章必须逻辑清晰，如果描述得能令人在脑海里勾画出那个data chart，这篇task1无疑会达到8分的水平。开篇的第一句话可以是一句高度概括性的introduction（当然开门见山直接描述也是一种写法）；这样做不仅使文章更趋于完美，而且可以达到凑字数的目的（但不要照抄题目，除非时间相当紧迫）。接下来另起一段开始进行描述（根据实际情况1-2段），这当中经常要连续使用非限定性定于从句，从而使得描述过程流畅、清晰。最后也可再另起一段进行简短的综述（并非必须）。上述的任何一个步骤都要遵循依据现有data进行客观描述的原则，任何推测性或议论性的内容写得再多、再精彩不仅不会加分，而且还会成为扣分的因素。

　　二、data的具体表达法

　　data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time

　　在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time

　　持续变化的data在不同情况下:

　　增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

　　减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

　　波动：fluctuate / rebound² / undulate / wave ...

　　稳定：remain stable / stabilize³ / level off ...

　　最常用的两种表达法：

　　动词 + 副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）

　　形容词 + 名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）

　　1. Verb+Adverb form

　　The number of XXX

　　+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

　　+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

　　+from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)

　　2. Adjective+Noun form

　　There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

　　+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation）

　　+in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)

　　描述稳定的data：

　　The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)

　　The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)

　　There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间)

　　描述不同状态的data

　　Noun form:

　　steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop

　　Verbal form:

　　(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady

　　描述the highest point以及the lowest point

　　高点极值：

　　The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...

　　+peaked in (月份/年) <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(极点data)

　　或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data)

　　低点极值：

　　XXX bottomed out / reached

　　+rock / the bottom / a low point

　　或者hit a trough

　　此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：

　　并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what"s more, apart from ...

　　举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate¹, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially

　　事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...

　　雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...

　　转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...

　　原因与结果

　　1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用)

　　since / now that ...; I hope that...

　　because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that...

　　2. cause-effect (较常用)

　　XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...

　　(一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ...

　　3. effect-cause (较常用)

　　XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...

　　(一个句子), because ...

　　it is adj. that ...

　　it is unimaginable that ...

　　it is undeniable that ...

　　it is interesting to discover that ...

1 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

2 rebound   

v.弹回；n.弹回，跳回

参考例句：

• The vibrations accompanying the rebound are the earth quake.伴随这种回弹的振动就是地震。
• Our evil example will rebound upon ourselves.我们的坏榜样会回到我们自己头上的。

3 stabilize   

vt.（使）稳定，使稳固，使稳定平衡；vi.稳定

参考例句：

• They are eager to stabilize currencies.他们急于稳定货币。
• His blood pressure tended to stabilize.他的血压趋向稳定。