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托福阅读加试之苏美尔文明

时间:2014-10-25 00:02来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   【试题】:苏美尔文明【题源】:真题/加试/高频【试题类型】:2005年10月12号第一次出现的加试,此后反复出现多次【试题剖析】:

  首先,这篇文章是属于介绍型的文章,也就是在整个阅读过程中并没有要求过高的分析性阅读。虽然文章的话题领域相对学术,但是作为托福考试的考察目标——检测学术背景下的阅读理解能力,并不会要求考生对文章所涉及话题的专业知识有所涉猎。而从这篇讲解人类文明史的文章来看,即使不能够理解文章内出现的“学术概念”也能通过阅读的技巧和手段来解题。现在就从这篇被ETS青睐有加的阅读加试文章来看,我们会发现试题的以下几个特点,现举例如下:
  词汇题熟词熟义本篇阅读的词汇题为#1/#4/#7/#11四题,试题的形式是给出高亮词汇,进行词义理解。这样的题型属于常考题,在网考的界面中具体词汇出现的段落会在题目上方再次出现,很多学生担心的是否要全文理解或是全文跳读扫读才能解该类题,从实际的网考页面可以得知利用这段文字的上下文来解题是可行、有效的。当然从题目本身的角度出发,此类题目可能是属于(1)熟词熟义,(2)熟词生义,(3)生词猜义等这样几个常见类型。
  例如#1就属于“熟词熟义”的类型,原题为:The word astonishing in the passage is closest in meaning to_______(A) important(B) unknown(C) amazing(D) interesting从备选项就可以直接判出答案,当然作为整场考试的“热身”题目,本题属于比较容易的。
  然后看#4题。原题为:The word obscure in the passage is closest in meaning to____(A) unclear(B) unique(C) controversial(D) important如果我们的考生原本就在备考过程中多次接触过obscure这个单词的话,那么本题仍然属于熟词,因为这个词汇是属于托福词汇范围内的,但是为了防止出现是熟词生义的可能,我们现在还原试题原文如下:
  The origin of the Sumerians remains1 obscure. Their language is unrelated to any other known tongue. Sometimes before 4,000 B.C. they came to southern Mesopotamia, from Persia, and there, within the next thousand years, they founded a number of city-states and developed their distinctive2 form of writing in cuneiform (wedge-shaped) characters on clay tablets. ¢Unfortunately, the tangible3 remains of Sumerian civilization are extremely scanty4 compared to those of ancient Egypt. ¢Building stone being unavailable in Mesopotamia, the Sumerians used mud brick and wood, so that almost nothing is left of their architecture except the foundation. ¢Nor did they share the Egyptians’ concern with the hereafter, although some richly endowed tombs in the shape of vaulted5 chambers6 below ground from the early dynastic period have been found in the city of Ur. ¢Our knowledge of Sumerian Civilization thus depends very largely on chance fragments brought to light by excavation7, including vast numbers of inscribed8 clay tablets. Yet we have learned enough to form a general picture of this vigorous, inventive, and disciplined people.
  根据该词出现的那句话就可以得知这里讲述的是“苏美尔人的起源仍然不清。他们的语言和其他任何已知语言无关。他们大约在公元前4000年从波斯来到美索不达米亚平原南部,从此在那里以后的数千年中,他们建立了许多城邦并且形成了他们与众不同的梭形文字。如果对于该词不认识的也可以从后文的unrelated to any other known tongue的否定表达知道,前面的词应该是负向的,后面的unfortunately一段我们可以再次印证这里的表达是负向的,因为文章说我们对苏美尔文明的了解只能靠考古发掘,从而我们也可放心这个单词的理解是正确的。由此可见,本题仍是熟词熟义。
  第7题:The word vast in the passage is closest in meaning to_________(A) random(B) very large(C) surprising(D) relatively9 small这题就是很容易的“熟词熟义”,根据上下文就可以判断选B。
  第11题仍然是熟词熟义,所以很容易选出答案A。原文:The temple controlled the pooling of labor10 and resources for communal11 enterprises, such as the building of dikes or irrigation ditches, and it collected and distributed a considerable part of the harvest. All this required the keeping of detailed12 written records. Hence, we need not be surprised to find that the texts of early Sumerian inscriptions13 deal very largely with economic and administrative14 rather than religious matters, although writing was a priestly privilege.
  #11 The word considerable in the passage is closest in meaning to_________(A) substantial(B) fixed(C) valuable(D) limitedmda.com解析:从以上四个词汇题看出,我们在解答这类题目时,有以下几个环节需要注意:首先,尽量在高亮词汇出现的地方阅读,利用上下文线索推敲快速找到该词对应意思,这样可以节省时间。其次是如果发现该词汇是熟词就要注意区分是熟义还是生义,而上下文的解释会很快帮助你正确判断。最后,这样的题目也可以按照阅读课中我们已经归纳的方法来解题。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
2 distinctive Es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
3 tangible 4IHzo     
adj.有形的,可触摸的,确凿的,实际的
参考例句:
  • The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
  • There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。
4 scanty ZDPzx     
adj.缺乏的,仅有的,节省的,狭小的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There is scanty evidence to support their accusations.他们的指控证据不足。
  • The rainfall was rather scanty this month.这个月的雨量不足。
5 vaulted MfjzTA     
adj.拱状的
参考例句:
  • She vaulted over the gate and ran up the path. 她用手一撑跃过栅栏门沿着小路跑去。
  • The formal living room has a fireplace and vaulted ceilings. 正式的客厅有一个壁炉和拱形天花板。
6 chambers c053984cd45eab1984d2c4776373c4fe     
n.房间( chamber的名词复数 );(议会的)议院;卧室;会议厅
参考例句:
  • The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间:Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网
7 excavation RiKzY     
n.挖掘,发掘;被挖掘之地
参考例句:
  • The bad weather has hung up the work of excavation.天气不好耽误了挖掘工作。
  • The excavation exposed some ancient ruins.这次挖掘暴露出一些古遗迹。
8 inscribed 65fb4f97174c35f702447e725cb615e7     
v.写,刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 );内接
参考例句:
  • His name was inscribed on the trophy. 他的名字刻在奖杯上。
  • The names of the dead were inscribed on the wall. 死者的名字被刻在墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
10 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
11 communal VbcyU     
adj.公有的,公共的,公社的,公社制的
参考例句:
  • There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
  • The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。
12 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
13 inscriptions b8d4b5ef527bf3ba015eea52570c9325     
(作者)题词( inscription的名词复数 ); 献词; 碑文; 证劵持有人的登记
参考例句:
  • Centuries of wind and rain had worn away the inscriptions on the gravestones. 几个世纪的风雨已磨损了墓碑上的碑文。
  • The inscriptions on the stone tablet have become blurred with the passage of time. 年代久了,石碑上的字迹已经模糊了。
14 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
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