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VOA慢速英语2012 Health Report - A Birth Procedure Does Little to Prevent Bleeding

时间:2012-03-22 05:54:52

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Health Report - A Birth Procedure Does Little to Prevent Bleeding

健康报道 - 控制性脐带牵引对防止产后大出血起效甚微

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Severe bleeding, also called hemorrhage, causes one-third of pregnancy-related deaths in Asia and Africa.
大出血导致的死亡人数占到了亚洲和非洲与妊娠有关死亡人数的三分之一。
The World Health Organization has been recommending several ways to reduce the risk of hemorrhage immediately after birth. These include giving the mother a hormone1 called oxytocin. It helps the uterus expel the placenta, or afterbirth. Another recommendation to help expel the placenta has been to use what is called controlled-cord traction2. In this procedure, the birth attendant gently pulls on the umbilical cord while pushing upwards3 on the mother's stomach.
世卫组织已经提出了几种降低产后大出血风险的办法。其中包括注射一种名为催产素的荷尔蒙,它可以帮助子宫排出胎盘或胎衣。另一项一直采用的帮助排出胎盘的建议被称为控制性脐带牵引。在这个过程中, 接生员轻轻拉扯脐带,同时在妈妈的肚子上向上推(此举意在固定子宫)。
Dr. Metin Gulmezoglu of the World Health Organization led a study on the effectiveness of controlled-cord traction. He says it is not easy to perform and, if it is not done correctly, it can harm the mother.
世卫组织的梅滕·古梅泽格鲁(Metin Gulmezoglu)博士领导了一项有关控制性脐带牵引有效性的研究。他表示,这一方法不容易执行。如果执行有误会伤害到母亲。
METIN GULMEZOGLU: "If it’s not applied4 by people who are skilled in doing it, then it may cause more problems."
古梅泽格鲁:“如果不是由经验丰富的人来实施,那么可能会导致更多问题。”
The study involved more than twenty-three thousand pregnant women who had vaginal births. The births happened in sixteen hospitals and two primary health-care centers in eight countries. These were Argentina, Egypt, India, Kenya, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uganda.
这项研究涉及了超过2.3万名自然分娩的孕妇。这些分娩发生在8个国家的16个医院和2个初级卫生保健中心。这8个国家是阿根廷,埃及,印度,肯尼亚,菲律宾,南非,泰国和乌干达。
About half of the mothers received a so-called full package of measures including controlled-cord traction. The other women gave birth helped only by gravity and pushing by the mother. Both groups of women received injections of oxytocin immediately after giving birth.
大约有一半的妈妈接受了所谓的全套措施,包括控制性脐带牵引。其他女性只经由重力和母亲推动分娩。两组女性分娩后都立即注射了催产素。
The study showed that, on average, both groups had about the same amount of blood loss. The study found that controlled-cord traction had very little effect in reducing the risk of serious blood loss -- defined as a liter or more. There was serious blood loss in 1.9 percent of the women who received the procedure, compared to 2.1 percent of those in the simplified group.
研究表明,平均而言两组失血量几乎相同。研究发现控制性脐带牵引在降低严重失血风险上起效甚微。严重失血是指失血1升或更多。接受了控制性脐带牵引的女性中严重失血的比例为1.9%,相比而言,另一组只接受了简单措施的女性中严重失血比例为2.1%。
Dr. Gulmezoglu says using oxytocin was much more important than pulling on the umbilical cord to reduce blood loss.
古梅泽格鲁博士表示,从减少失血上来说,使用催产素比牵引脐带更为重要。
METIN GULMEZOGLU: "The main factor that helps to reduce blood loss after birth is the oxytocin, the medication that helps the uterus to contract. And the procedure itself, in our study, adds a minute amount."
古梅泽格鲁:“减少分娩后失血的主要因素是帮助子宫收缩的药物催产素。在我们的研究中,牵引过程本身增加了一分钟的失血量。”
Oxytocin is injected, but only into the muscle. This makes it easier to administer for birth attendants with little training. Also, the hormone does not cost very much. But it can lose its effectiveness if stored at high temperatures. The WHO may recommend single-use syringes with sensors5 to warn of exposure to high temperature.
催产素只是被注射到肌肉中。这使得助产士稍加培训便能更容易管理。此外,这种激素花销不大。但如果将它存放在高温下就会失效。世卫组织可能会建议使用带有传感器的一次性注射器对暴露于高温提出警示。
The WHO is expected to changes its guidelines based on the new findings. The study is in the Lancet medical journal. It was funded by the United States Agency for International Development and the United Nations.
基于这项新的发现,世卫组织预计将改变其指导条例。这项研究发表在柳叶刀医学期刊上。
And that’s the VOA Special English Health Report. I’m Jim Tedder6.
___
Contributing: Art Chimes and Christopher Cruise

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1 hormone uyky3     
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
参考例句:
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
2 traction kJXz3     
n.牵引;附着摩擦力
参考例句:
  • I'll show you how the traction is applied.我会让你看如何做这种牵引。
  • She's injured her back and is in traction for a month.她背部受伤,正在作一个月的牵引治疗。
3 upwards lj5wR     
adv.向上,在更高处...以上
参考例句:
  • The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
  • The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。
4 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
5 sensors 029aee483db9ae244d7a5cb353e74602     
n.传感器,灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时,有很大变化。 来自辞典例句
6 tedder 2833afc4f8252d8dc9f8cd73b24db55d     
n.(干草)翻晒者,翻晒机
参考例句:
  • Jim Tedder has more. 吉姆?特德将给我们做更多的介绍。 来自互联网
  • Jim Tedder tells us more. 吉姆?泰德给我们带来更详细的报道。 来自互联网

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