WORDS AND THEIR STORIES(17) - Dime

（单词翻译）

WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Dime¹
By Jerry Watson

Broadcast: Sunday, August 22, 2004

Revised by Xiao Jinyin(jinyinx@***.com)

In the 1930s, a song "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime" was very popular in the United States. It was the time of the Big Depression. The song had meaning for many people who had lost their jobs.

A dime is a piece of money whose value is one tenth of a dollar. Today a dime does not buy much. But it was different in the 1930s. A dime sometimes meant the difference between eating and starving. The American economy today is much better. Yet many workers are concerned about losing their jobs as companies reorganize. Americans have special ways of talking about economic troubles. People in business may say they feel the pinch². Or they may say they are up against it. Or if things are really bad, they may say they have to throw in the towel.

A pinch is painful pressure. To feel the pinch is to suffer painful pressure involving money. The expression "feel the pinch" has been used since 16 century. The famous English writer William Shakespeare wrote something very close to this in his great play "King Lear". King Lear says he would accept necessity's sharp pinch. He means he would have to do without many of the things he always had. Much later the Times of London newspaper used the express about bad economic times during the 1860s. It said "so much money having been spent, all classes felt the pinch." Worse than feeling the pinch is being up against it. The saying means "to be in a lot of trouble". Word expert Gange Roger says the word "it" in the saying can mean any and all difficulties. He says the saying became popular in the United States and Canada in the late 19 century. Writer George Ade used it book called "achy". He wrote, "I saw I was up against it".

Sometimes a business that is up against it will have to throw in the towel. This means "to accept defeat or surrender³". Throwing in the towel may mean that a company will have to declare bankruptcy⁴. The company will have to take legal steps to let people know it has no money to pay its debts.

Word expert Charles Funk says in 1874 publication⁵ called "the slang⁶ dictionary" explains "throwing in the towel". It says the words probably came from the sport of boxing or price fighting. The book says the saying began because a competitor's face was cleaned with a cloth towel or other material. When a boxer's towel was thrown, it meant he was admitting defeat. Most businesses do not throw in the towel. They just reorganize so they can compete better.

This Words and Their Stories was written by Jerry Watson. I am Susan Clark.