VOA慢速英语20113 Nigerian Doctor Honored for Fight Against River Blindness

（单词翻译）

Nigerian Doctor Honored for Fight Against River Blindness

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report in Special English.

Nigerian doctor Uche Amazigo has received the Prince Mahidol Award for outstanding efforts in public health. Dr. Amazigo recently traveled to Thailand to receive the award. She has been a leader in sub-Saharan Africa in the fight against the disease known as river blindness.

The disease begins when people are bitten by the black flies that spread the infection. The disease is known as river blindness because the flies live near fast-moving rivers and streams.

Tiny worms spread throughout the body. This incites¹ the body's immune system to attempt to fight the invader². But the body's intense immune response can destroy the eye nerves.

The cause of the disease was first identified in Guatemala almost 100 years ago. River blindness continues to be a serious health problem in many African nations and in Yemen.

Medical treatment lasting³ as long as 20 years is necessary to keep victims free from the parasite⁴ that causes the disease.

Dr. Amazigo is a former director of the World Health Organization's African Program on Onchocerciasis. That is the medical name for river blindness.

She describes how medical workers have sometimes had to struggle to deliver medicine, vitamin A and bed nets, to protect against the flies.  

“We had huge challenges in southern Sudan. We started the program in 1999 -- it collapsed⁵ because of conflict. We went back in 2001. It collapsed because of conflict, and we’re back again in 2010. Now we cross our fingers.”

Dr. Amazigo successfully organized local treatment operations in communities. Now 117,000 communities under 19 African governments treat the disease locally.

In 1987, the drug manufacturer Merck launched a program to provide a medicine called ivermectin to all those affected⁶ by the disease. The company said it would provide the treatment for free as long as necessary through the community directed program.

The infection not only causes blindness. It also causes a painful skin disease. Doctor Amazigo says the effects are especially difficult for women. Women are often socially rejected when their skin shows early signs of the disease.

But she says victims are more accepted now. She also says health providers and governments recognize community operations as very important to educating more than 120 million people at risk for the disease.