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VOA慢速英语2013 世卫组织帮助营养不良儿童治疗艾滋病毒

时间:2013-12-20 14:41:40

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AS IT IS 2013-12-17 WHO: Test, Treat Malnourished Children for HIV 世卫组织帮助营养不良儿童治疗艾滋病毒

From VOA Learning English, welcome to As It Is.

I’m Steve Ember in Washington.

Today on our program, we tell about a study that shows vitamins and mineral supplements can safely slow the progress of the virus that causes the disease AIDS.

The study found that when provided early to patients, a simple multivitamin combined with selenium can slow the progress of HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus.  But  one of the world’s top AIDS researchers is disputing the findings.  We’ll hear from him later.

But first, we have a report from the World Health Organization.  WHO officials now say children can and should be tested and treated for HIV, even if they are severely1  malnourished.

New Treatment Rules Suggested for Malnourished ChildrenThe WHO says affected2 children can now be treated at home with special foods and antibiotic3 drugs, instead of being taken to a hospital for treatment.

WHO officials are defining severe acute malnutrition4 as very low weight for height, and severe wasting.  They say almost 20 million children under the age of five  suffer from the condition.  Most of these boys and girls are said to live in Africa and Southeast Asia.

The WHO says malnutrition is one reason for more than a third of all deaths of children under the age of five.  Zita Weise Prinzo helped to write the new report.  She works in the WHO’s Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.  She says the WHO is now advising that not all severely acutely malnourished children go to a hospital.  She says children already identified with the condition can be  treated at home if they are hungry and have no other medical problem.  She notes that a hospitalized child could develop other infections.  And, being at home avoids  hospital costs and lets a caretaker stay with the child.

Ms. Prinzo says home care does not mean doctors will not see the child.  Doctors will work closely with families to help them give the child special foods and  antibiotics, and examine the child from time to time.

The WHO also says children with severe acute malnutrition should be tested -- and, if necessary, treated -- for HIV, the cause of AIDS.

Ms. Prinzo says that such testing was not advised in the past.  That was because there was not enough knowledge about treating severe acute malnutrition, or even  children who have HIV, with the available drugs.  The WHO report sets measures for identifying children at risk of severe acute malnutrition before they develop serious health problems.  These include use of vitamin A  supplements in treatment and detailed5 suggestions for treating babies under the age of six months.

Ms. Prinzo says if the new guidelines are enforced at the country level, the chance of survival for children with severe acute malnutrition will be greatly improved.  However, she said many developing countries do not have the money or workers to carry out the recommendations.

You’re listening to As It Is from VOA Learning English. I’m Steve Ember.

Disputed Study Claims Vitamins, Minerals Slow Progress of HIVPatients with HIV often develop shortages of vitamins in the body.  Researchers examined whether giving these patients a multivitamin with a mineral supplement helps  to improve the body’s natural defenses in fighting disease.

For 30 years, AIDS has been a major health problem in some African countries south of the Sahara Desert.  In Botswana, one of every four adults is infected with HIV.   Yet the country also has aggressive AIDS prevention campaigns.  That is why Professor Marianna Baum decided6 to carry out her research on HIV and vitamins there.

“Botswana has been one of the hardest-hit countries with the HIV virus.”

Professor Baum studied almost 900 newly-infected adults in Botswana who had not yet been given anti-AIDS drugs that target HIV.  The adults were divided into groups.   Each group got different combinations of vitamins B, C and E, the mineral selenium, or a harmless substance -- a placebo7.

Most patients with HIV do not have enough of these vitamins.  The vitamins help to strengthen the body’s immune system.  Professor Baum says she thought the  multivitamins by themselves or selenium by itself would help strengthen the immune system.  She was wrong.

“We were surprised to find that only the combination was effective.”

Studies show that when people with HIV begin taking anti-retroviral drugs shortly after infection, they can stay healthy and are less likely to pass the virus to their  sexual partners.  But many patients do not have enough money to pay for treatment.

Professor Baum says the vitamin and mineral therapy combination should help people in low-income countries better control the virus.

“A simple multivitamin supplementation with selenium provided early in HIV disease can actually slow the HIV disease progression, and it is safe. It is low-cost and  it should be provided very early in HIV infection.”

She says the vitamin therapy should not replace anti-retroviral drugs, but it can help people who cannot get those medicines.

American Anthony Fauci is a world famous expert on AIDS. He disagrees with the findings of the study.

“I haven’t read the paper, but having taken care of HIV-infected individuals for three decades, I would doubt that vitamins are going to have a major effect on  suppressing the virus.”

Dr. Fauci says vitamin and mineral supplements might make a patient generally healthier. But he says only anti-retroviral drugs have been proven to control HIV.

Professor Baum’s study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The Banded Wooly8 Worm: A New Source of Weather Predicting?

It’s As It Is, coming to you from VOA Learning English. I’m Steve Ember.

[Dean Martin Sings “Let It Snow”]

Oh, the weather outside is frightfulBut the fire is so delightful,And since we’ve no place to go,Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow…Finally, many Americans depend on weather experts to tell what the upcoming seasons will be like.  But these days, others are predicting winter weather based on the  wooly bear caterpillar9, also known as the banded wooly worm.

A popular story says the little insect can tell us what kind of season lies ahead.  It has dark, black bands at each end and a reddish brown color in the middle.  The  story says that if the reddish-brown ring on its body is small, the winter weather will be severe.  But wide bands of reddish-brown mean a mild winter. So what kind of season will this winter be?  That seems to depend on which wooly worm you look at!  Me? Think I’ll look at some wide-banded wooly worms…and cross my  fingers.                                                   As It Is is a production of VOA Learning English. Steve Ember here, thanks for joining us. See you next time.

[Dean Martin]

Let it SnowLet it snowLet it snow!


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1 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
2 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
3 antibiotic KNJzd     
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
参考例句:
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
4 malnutrition kAhxX     
n.营养不良
参考例句:
  • In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
  • It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。
5 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
6 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
7 placebo placebo     
n.安慰剂;宽慰话
参考例句:
  • The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
  • The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。
8 wooly Cfpw8     
adj.毛茸茸的;糊涂的
参考例句:
  • I like the feel of this cloth and it has a warm wooly feel.我喜欢这块布的手感,它摸上去毛茸茸的很暖和。
  • He wore a brown t-shirt with jeans and a pair of shoes,with a wooly hat covering his hair.小贝身穿一件棕色t恤,搭配牛仔裤和皮鞋,头戴一顶盖住头发的羊毛帽子。
9 caterpillar ir5zf     
n.毛虫,蝴蝶的幼虫
参考例句:
  • A butterfly is produced by metamorphosis from a caterpillar.蝴蝶是由毛虫脱胎变成的。
  • A caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to become a butterfly.毛毛虫必须经过茧的阶段才能变成蝴蝶。

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