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VOA慢速英语2013 反兴奋剂机构批准更严格的兴奋剂监察规则

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Conference Approves Stronger Sports Doping Rules 反兴奋剂机构批准更严格的兴奋剂监察规则

From VOA Learning English, this is Science in the News. I’m Mario Ritter.

And I’m Kelly Jean Kelly. Today we tell about a decision to strengthen rules on doping in sports -- the use of drugs or other substances to improve athletic1 performance.  We will talk with an  athletic competitor whose life was affected2 by doping, and we will tell about something called “accidental doping.”

A Clear Vote to Strengthen Sports Doping RulesRepresentatives of anti-doping agencies from around the world met last month in the South African city of Johannesburg.  The meeting was called so that the delegates  could discuss proposals to reform sports doping rules.  The conference followed evidence of doping in almost every sport.

The World Anti-Doping Code is the central document of the World Anti-Doping Agency, the WADA.  The code lists the anti-doping policies and rules for athletic  competitions.  It was last amended3 in 2009.  The WADA has held meetings over the past 18 months about possible changes to the document and other anti-doping rules.

In September, a WADA committee approved changes to the code and presented them to the Johannesburg meeting.  Conference delegates approved the changes.  The amendments4  were then presented to the WADA Foundation Board for final approval.  Every member of the board voted to accept the changes. The new World Anti-Doping Code will take effect in January 2015, more than a year before the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  Anti-doping officials say they  hope the new rules will help make that event the cleanest Olympics ever. John Fahey is the chairman and president of the WADA.  He supports the changes.

“We now have more intelligent and comprehensive testing programs in place that I believe will be further enhanced upon the ratification5 of the revised code.  We have  a code compliance6 reporting process and numerous education tools available to help stakeholders, and inform and guide the youth of the world.”

More than 2,000 amendments were suggested.  But some delegates are not sure they will have any more effect than the rules established in 2009. The changes include a four-year suspension from competition for athletes who knowingly take banned substances to improve their performance.  Coaches and trainers who  help athletes break the rules will also be punished.

The new code says testing and punishment of those suspected of doping should be done within acceptable human rights principles.  And it says investigations7 and  intelligence-gathering should be combined with testing of athletes.

Other changes include making the code shorter and clearer, and balancing the interests of international sports partnerships8 and national anti-doping organizations.   The new code would also give laboratories the right to test for substances other than those requested by testing officials.

Hezekiel Sepeng is the Grassroots and Development Athletes Coordinator9 at Athletics10 South Africa.  He notes that many poor athletes in Africa eat foods that could  cause them to fail some tests for banned substances. He says anti-doping officials should create a strong campaign to help such athletes understand the doping dangers caused by some of the foods they grew up eating.

“Education, education, education -- we need to educate our athletes, with all the things that are changing.  You know these things should not only change up there,  you know, especially in Europe or in symposiums, and should filter down to, to rural areas.”

There is a reason Hezekiel Sepeng feels strongly about this issue.  He was South Africa’s first black Olympic medalist.  He won the silver medal in a surprise ending  to the 800-meter race at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.  But he was banned from competition in 2005 after he failed a test for a banned substance.  He says the  laboratory made a mistake.  We will hear more from him later in the program. But Is the New Code Too Strong?

After the Johannesburg conference approved the changes, some critics feared the new rules might be too strong.  But others wondered if they were strong enough.  WADA  officials say they believe the new code will make it more difficult than ever before for athletes to cheat with performance-enhancing drugs. One change is the doubling of the ban in cases of intentional11 doping from two to four years.  Another is punishment for trainers and supporters of the athletes who  help them cheat.  The Code also punishes athletes who refuse to help in doping investigations.  However, those who do help may be punished less than those who do not.

John Fahey of the WADA says the new Code is strong but fair. “We’ve got stronger sanctions for those who intentionally12 dope.  We've also got greater flexibility13 when it comes to sanctioning of athletes.  All has been done with  fair consideration of human rights with an understanding of the principle of proportionality.  There will be a greater emphasis on intelligent processes in the future,  and on investigations.  Investigations in particular are seen as essential if we are to do what we must do as effectively as we can.”

He also told VOA the new code will protect athletes from developing countries from their competitors in richer countries.

“It applies equally to athletes no matter what country they come from, what sport they’re involved in, whether they’re male or female.  It says you will be treated  equally if you offend under the rules known as the anti-doping code.  What I say to those in emerging nations is that they ought to go forward with confidence, knowing  that if there are cheats in bigger countries, stronger countries, the likelihood is that they will be caught, because we are becoming more effective.  So there may not  well be the disadvantage they think there is.”

Mr. Fahey noted14 that it was the athletes themselves who asked for stronger punishments. “The overwhelming majority of athletes around the world have said there must be tougher penalties.  The standard two-year penalty that we’ve been used to so far is  not good enough in the eyes of athletes.  The punishment doesn’t particularly suit what they believe is important to stamp out cheating.”

David Howman is the secretary-general of the WADA.  He says the idea of a four-year-long ban was first discussed 10 years ago.

“The learning since then, and the desire, I think, of many clean athletes is that we should have looked at it again.  So we did that when we started this process at  the beginning of 2012.  We asked everyone what they thought.  We had a huge amount of consensus15 in relation to the imposition of a four-year penalty.”

Travis Tygart heads the American anti-doping agency.  He supports the new code.  But he says anti-doping agencies in each country must enforce them. “It’s a Lamborghini without an engine.  If we don’t have the resources and the people to put in place, then it’s going to go nowhere, and that’s a failure for  clean athletes and the integrity of sport if we allow that to happen.”

A Positive Drug Test Ends a CareerNow, as promised earlier, we talk with former Olympian Hezekiel Sepeng of South Africa.  In 1996, he became the country’s first black athlete to win an Olympic medal. “The way I ran, this is not normal because, at one stage, I was last.  You know, when the bell went, I was last...  See now, I get goose bumps, eh.”

But one drug test changed his life.  With one positive test result in 2005, he went from being a hero to being strongly criticized.  The runner says the laboratory  made a mistake.  Officials disagreed and banned him from competition for two years.  The ban ended his athletic career.

Today, the 39-year-old athlete works with the South African athletics federation16, and operates an organization that helps needy17 children.  His message to the children  is clear:

“Cheating, it’s not good in sports.  And our kids, especially you know in countries like in South Africa, most of the countries in Africa, we still need to teach our  kids about, about doping.”

Hezekial Sepeng was just one of many athletes who watched closely as the World Anti-Doping Agency strengthened its anti-doping rules.   Doping scandals have hit many sports in recent years.  Top athletes like American cyclist Lance Armstrong and baseball player Barry Bonds have been accused of using  illegal performance-enhancing substances. Can Doping Ever Be “Accidental”?  Supporters of disabled and poor athletes say there is little education on doping in many countries and the new code does not deal with that problem.  They say this  lack of education may lead to athletes taking drugs or eating foods that cause them to test positive for banned substances.  They call this “accidental doping.” Yet the former head of the WADA, Dick Pound, says he does not believe there is such a thing as accidental doping.  The agency’s director-general, David Howman,  explained Mr. Pound’s comments. “The issue that was raised by Mr. Pound has come from his experience in anti-doping and the fact that he chaired a committee that we held to look at the effectiveness  of, of testing.  And he has a very strong belief that far more athletes than concede, intentionally dope.  And therefore the category of what he refers to as  ‘accidental dopers’ is a small one.  I think what we need to look at very clearly as we go forward, and this is mirrored in the code review, is the way to deal with  the sophisticated doper, the intentional doper.”

?Mark Cooper heads the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf.  He says it may be true that “accidental doping” does not happen.  But he says “inadvertent  doping” does.  He spoke18 about Terence Parkin, a well-known South African swimmer.  Mr. Parkin cannot hear and is unable to read words in their correct order because  of a condition called dyslexia. “Terence won a silver medal in swimming at the Athens Olympic Games and continues to compete.  Terence is deaf and Terence is also dyslexic.  So, would somebody  please explain to me how I am expected to read to Terence the list of banned substances?  It’s just not possible.  And there are still parts of the world there where  are high illiteracy19 rates.  How can we expect somebody who is illiterate20 to read the, the ingredient list on the side of a, you know, a can of protein powder?”

Hezekiel Sepeng says lack of education and understanding leads many young athletes to use banned substances.  The former Olympian says he knows of many athletes who  have “accidentally” taken such substances in their food or drink. He says there is one solution: education. “We need to teach our athletes.  I understand we are from different cultures, but there is rules, we need to make sure, especially what we drink, what we eat.”

This Science in the News was written by Christopher Cruise, and produced by June Simms. 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 athletic sOPy8     
adj.擅长运动的,强健的;活跃的,体格健壮的
参考例句:
  • This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
  • He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。
2 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
3 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
4 amendments 39576081718792f25ceae20f3bb99b43     
(法律、文件的)改动( amendment的名词复数 ); 修正案; 修改; (美国宪法的)修正案
参考例句:
  • The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
  • Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
5 ratification fTUx0     
n.批准,认可
参考例句:
  • The treaty is awaiting ratification.条约正等待批准。
  • The treaty is subject to ratification.此条约经批准后才能生效。
6 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
7 investigations 02de25420938593f7db7bd4052010b32     
(正式的)调查( investigation的名词复数 ); 侦查; 科学研究; 学术研究
参考例句:
  • His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查,但没有发现什么。
  • He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。
8 partnerships ce2e6aff420d72bbf56e8077be344bc9     
n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 );合伙人身份;合作关系
参考例句:
  • Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句
9 coordinator Gvazk6     
n.协调人
参考例句:
  • The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下,负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
  • How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室?
10 athletics rO8y7     
n.运动,体育,田径运动
参考例句:
  • When I was at school I was always hopeless at athletics.我上学的时候体育十分糟糕。
  • Our team tied with theirs in athletics.在田径比赛中,我们队与他们队旗鼓相当。
11 intentional 65Axb     
adj.故意的,有意(识)的
参考例句:
  • Let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。
  • His insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。
12 intentionally 7qOzFn     
ad.故意地,有意地
参考例句:
  • I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
  • The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所,因此没有资格再获得提供住房。
13 flexibility vjPxb     
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
参考例句:
  • Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
14 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
15 consensus epMzA     
n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
参考例句:
  • Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
  • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
16 federation htCzMS     
n.同盟,联邦,联合,联盟,联合会
参考例句:
  • It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
  • Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。
17 needy wG7xh     
adj.贫穷的,贫困的,生活艰苦的
参考例句:
  • Although he was poor,he was quite generous to his needy friends.他虽穷,但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。
  • They awarded scholarships to needy students.他们给贫苦学生颁发奖学金。
18 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
19 illiteracy VbuxY     
n.文盲
参考例句:
  • It is encouraging to read that illiteracy is declining.从读报中了解文盲情况正在好转,这是令人鼓舞的。
  • We must do away with illiteracy.我们必须扫除文盲。
20 illiterate Bc6z5     
adj.文盲的;无知的;n.文盲
参考例句:
  • There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。
  • I was an illiterate in the old society,but now I can read.我这个旧社会的文盲,今天也认字了。

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