VOA慢速英语2014 AS IT IS 2014-01-11 Pakistan Criticizes India’s Moves to Fight Polio 巴基斯坦抨击印度对抗小儿麻痹症的边界政策

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AS IT IS 2014-01-11 Pakistan Criticizes India’s Moves to Fight Polio 巴基斯坦抨击印度对抗小儿麻痹症的边界政策

Hello, and welcome to As It Is from VOA Learning English.

I’m Christopher Cruise in Washington.

Today on the program, we report on plans by public health workers to vaccinate¹ 23 million children against polio in Middle East countries.

在今天的节目里，我们将报道中东国家公共医疗人员为 2300 万儿童注射小儿麻痹疫苗的计划。

“…polio does not know borders, does not know checkpoints, does not need a visa.”

“……小儿麻痹症不存在国界，不受海关检查，不需要签证。”

The workers are even vaccinating² children trapped in the fighting in Syria.

医务人员甚至还在为身陷叙利亚战争的儿童注射疫苗。

But first we report on how polio has become the latest source of tension between Pakistan and India.Officials in Pakistan are criticizing India’s new rules limiting travel between the two countries.India believes the rules will help keep polio out of the country.

不过首先，我们报道小儿麻痹症如何引发巴基斯坦和印度的紧张关系。巴基斯坦官员指责印度的新政策限制了两国之间的旅行。印度认为这些政策能够避免小儿麻痹症进入该国家。

Fighting polio -- the subject of our program today, as you learn everyday American English with VOA.

Pakistan Criticizes India’s Action on Polio

巴基斯坦指责印度针对小儿麻痹症的举动

Officials in Pakistan are not happy about India’s recent announcement that it would restrict travel between the two countries.Indian officials say they are trying to keep the polio virus from entering the country.

巴基斯坦官员不满印度近期宣布限制两国之间的旅行。印度官员称，他们要避免小儿麻痹病毒进入该国家。

Pakistan is one of only three countries in the world where polio continues to spread. The other two are Nigeria and Afghanistan.

巴基斯坦是全世界仍在传播小儿麻痹症的 3 个国家之一，另外两个是尼日利亚和阿富汗。

Pakistan’s fight against polio has suffered in recent years.Islamist militants³ linked to the al-Qaida terrorist group have fought vaccination⁴ efforts in the northwestern tribal⁵ areas.They say American intelligence agents are using vaccination activities to gather information.

近年来，巴基斯坦与小儿麻痹症的斗争进展不力。与基地恐怖主义组织有关的伊斯兰教武装在西北部落地区极力反对疫苗注射。他们称，美国情报人员在利用这些疫苗注射活动收集信息。

Some medical workers and their guards have been killed as they travelled the country to vaccinate people.

一些医务人员及其保卫人员在来到该国家进行疫苗注射时被杀。

The World Health Organization said there have been 72 polio cases in Pakistan so far this year.There were 58 in 2012.The WHO confirmed in November that more than 12 children were hit by the polio virus in Syria. The WHO says the polio virus that struck them is linked to the virus from Pakistan.

世界卫生组织（WHO）称，今年已有 72 例小儿麻痹症。2012 年是 58 例。WHO 在 11 月确认叙利亚有不止 12 名儿童感染小儿麻痹病毒。WHO 称，他们感染的小儿麻痹病毒与来自巴基斯坦的病毒有关。

Earlier this month, Indian diplomats⁶ in Islamabad, Pakistan announced new travel rules for Pakistanis. They said travelers from Pakistan -- both adults and children -- must have had a polio vaccine⁷ at least six weeks before they are permitted to enter India.

本月早些时候，印度驻巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的外交官宣布了针对巴基斯坦人的新的旅行政策。他们表示，来自巴基斯坦的游客——包括成人和孩子——都必须在获准进入印度前 6 个星期以外接受小儿麻痹症疫苗。

The announcement said the new rule would take effect at the end of January. Officials said the decision was made to keep India free of polio.They said India had worked hard to keep the disease from spreading.

该公告称，新政策将在 1 月底生效。官员表示该决定是为了让印度免受小儿麻痹症侵袭。他们说，印度正在努力限制该疾病的传播。

But Pakistani officials do not believe the decision was necessary.

但巴基斯坦官员认为该决定并非必要。

Sartaj Aziz is Pakistan’s advisor⁸ on national security and foreign affairs.

Sartaj Aziz 是巴基斯坦的国家安全和外交事务的顾问。

He spoke⁹ to reporters in Islamabad after the decision was announced.

他在该决定宣布后在伊斯兰堡接受记者采访。

Mr. Aziz said Pakistan is strengthening its fight against polio.

Aziz 说，巴基斯坦正在加强抗击小儿麻痹症的力度。

He said Indian officials should not use the issue as a reason to refuse to let Pakistanis enter India.

他说，印度官员不应以此作为拒绝巴基斯坦人进入印度的理由。

But India says the new rules target not just Pakistanis but people from all countries where polio is still active.

但印度表示，新政并非仅针对巴基斯坦人，而是针对所有仍存在小儿麻痹症的国家。

The ban may make crossing the border difficult for the hundreds of thousands of Pakistanis who have families in India.

这项禁令会使数十万有家人在印度的人跨越国界变得困难。

You are listening to As It Is, a program designed to help you learn to speak, read and write American English.

Millions of Children in the Middle East to Get Polio Vaccine

中东数百万儿童接受小儿麻痹症疫苗

Public health workers are now trying to give the polio vaccine to 23 million children in Middle Eastern countries.It is the second part of the largest vaccination campaign ever in the area.It follows an outbreak of polio cases in Syria.The disease has killed 17 people there.

公共医务人员现正在为中东国家的 2300 万儿童注射小儿麻痹疫苗。这是该地区史上最大的疫苗注射运动的第二步。它是在叙利亚爆发小儿麻痹症之后实施的，该疾病造成那里 17 人死亡。

Medical workers must vaccinate every child under the age of five in the seven countries in the area.

医务人员必须在该地区的 7 个国家为每个 5 岁以下儿童注射疫苗。

The civil war in Syria is interfering¹⁰ with efforts to reach the people that need vaccinations¹¹.

叙利亚内战妨碍了为有需要的群体注射疫苗。

UNICEF spokeswoman Juliette Touma says the first vaccinations in November reached more than two million Syrian children.

UNICEF 发言人 Juliette Touma 说，11 月的首批疫苗涉及 200 多万叙利亚儿童。

“Around 600,000 were in contested areas where it was hard to reach. But it’s obviously not enough -- there are children who are trapped in sealed-off areas that we could not reach that we really need to reach, and we do hope to reach in the second round.”

“大约 60 万在难以抵达的争议地区。但这显然还不够——还有一些困在封闭地区的儿童无法被顾及，而他们也的确需要我们的帮助，我们真的希望第二批能够到达那里。”

Ms. Touma says the polio cases in Syria only add to the suffering of people there.

Touma 说，叙利亚的小儿麻痹症病例只会增加痛苦。

“Syria has been polio-free since 1999. And then suddenly, we have, on top of everything, as if we needed something else to increase the suffering of children, we have polio.”

“叙利亚从 1999 年起消灭了小儿麻痹症，而突然之间就又出现了，就好像我们要增加孩子的苦难一样，小儿麻痹症出现了。”

Some opposition¹² groups have said they have not been able to get the polio vaccine because UN agencies that run the campaign must work with governments.

一些反对派组织称他们无法得到小儿麻痹疫苗是因为负责该运动的联合国机构只能与政府合作。

Ms. Touma says the campaign is negotiating with all groups to deliver the vaccine to as many children as possible.

Touma 说，该运动可以与所有组织商谈，从而尽可能地顾及更多孩子。

“What we need to have is a commitment for us to access children wherever they are, regardless of their family’s political affiliation¹³, because polio does not know borders, does not know checkpoints, does not need a visa.”

“我们所需要的是能够接触到任何地方的孩子们，不管他们家庭的政治倾向如何，因为小儿麻痹症不存在国界，不受海关检查，不需要签证。”

Polio spreads easily through contaminated food and water.Most of the victims are children.Workers must give people more than one vaccine before they are fully-protected from polio.Four more week-long vaccination campaigns are planned after this one.

小儿麻痹症易通过受污染的食物和水传播。大多数受害者是儿童。医务人员要在人们完全免疫之前给他们多次注射疫苗。这次注射运动之后，计划还有 4 次为期一周的注射。

There have been 355 polio cases worldwide so far this year.Last year there were 205.There were cases in Somalia, and from there polio spread to Kenya and Ethiopia, which had been free of polio.

今年全世界已有 355 例小儿麻痹症，去年是 205 例。索马里也出现了病例，而小儿麻痹症从那里传播到了此前不存在小儿麻痹症的肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚。

We Note the Birth of Rudyard Kipling; Wrote The Jungle Book

纪念鲁德亚德·吉卜林的诞辰；撰写《森林王子》

Finally, the author Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30th, 1865, 148 years ago.He was born in what was then known as Bombay, India.He worked as a reporter in India, then travelled the world.He is best known for “The Jungle Book,” in which animals acting¹⁴ like humans told stories that had lessons about life.

最后，作家鲁德亚德·吉卜林出生于 148 年前，1865 年的 12 月 30 日。他出生在后来的印度孟买。他在印度是一名记者，然后周游世界。他最著名的书是《森林王子》，里面的动物像人类一样讲述从生活中学到的故事。

A cartoon movie, also called “The Jungle Book,” was released in 1967 by the Walt Disney company.

同名卡通电影《森林王子》1967 年由迪士尼总公司出品。

Rudyard Kipling died in London January 18, 1936, just weeks after his 70th birthday.

鲁德亚德·吉卜林 1936 年 1 月 18 日在伦敦去世，就在他 70 岁生日的 1 周之后。

And that’s our program for today.It was written from reports by VOA Science Correspondent Steve Baragona and other VOA reporters in Washington.