在线英语听力室

VOA慢速英语20060111b

时间:2006-11-23 16:00:00

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。

(单词翻译)

EXPLORATIONS - International Sustained1 Dialogue: Solving Long-Term ConflictsBy Marilyn Christiano

Broadcast: Wednesday, January 11, 2006

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

I'm Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Faith Lapidus with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. Today we tell about a process that helps people involved in long-term conflicts.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The Middle East, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh. These are some areas of the world where there are long-lasting conflicts. A new organization is working with citizens in those areas on a process to develop new relationships to end the conflicts.


Randa Slim, in light-colored coat, is vice2 president of the International Institute for Sustained Dialogue. She is with a group of Tajik professors.

The process is called sustained dialogue. Sustained dialogue is a continuing discussion. It is the central work of the International Institute for Sustained Dialogue in Washington, D.C. The Institute leads some dialogues. It also works with other organizations that want to learn how to develop sustained dialogues in their countries.

The International Institute for Sustained Dialogue began in October, two thousand two. Harold Saunders is president. He was assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. In the late nineteen seventies he helped to negotiate3 the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. He has been doing international work for the Kettering Foundation of Dayton, Ohio, for almost twenty years.

VOICE TWO:

Sustained dialogue helps citizens who have violently disagreed and fought with each other to change their relationships. The process is aimed at citizens, not government officials. Mister Saunders says sustained dialogue is for people who are so angry at each other that they are not ready to work together in any setting. Dialogue is the beginning step for people who cannot negotiate because they are not ready to cooperate.

In many situations, groups are so hostile to each other that they cannot talk. But, Mister Saunders says, usually in those groups there are a few people who want peace so much they are willing to talk to the enemy. Either they decide to reach out to each other or someone else creates a space for dialogue and invites the conflicting parties to come.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Sustained dialogue is different in two main ways from other methods of trying to end long-term conflicts. First, it centers on the relationships that cause the hostilities4. Most other methods begin by trying to get people to deal with the issues. Sustained dialogue proves that people involved in conflict can effectively deal with their problems if they first change their relationships.

Mister Saunders says that sustained dialogue also accepts that it takes time to change relationships. He says progress does not happen in just one meeting. The sustained dialogue movement has developed a process that brings the same people together for many meetings, sometimes for years.

VOICE TWO:

Harold Saunders says that those involved in sustained dialogue have learned that relationships develop in five different steps. These five stages show the progress of interactions when individuals from different groups meet repeatedly over a long time.

Recognizing these steps helps moderators and people involved in the dialogues to know how to move on. Mister Saunders says, These stages are what people naturally seem to do when they sit down with their opponents and try to deal with a problem that affects them both.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The first stage of the sustained dialogue process is usually the most difficult. That is when people have to make a decision to meet and talk with the enemy.

The second stage is the blame game. During the first meetings, those involved express their anger and blame the other side for the conflict. This stage ends when someone says, What we really need to work on is鈥? When that finally happens, Mister Saunders says, those taking part in the dialogue begin to talk less at each other and more about the problem which affects them all.

The third stage in a sustained dialogue is when people begin to define5 the problem as they understand it. Then they begin to explore what they can do about it.

VOICE TWO:

The fourth stage is when those taking part in the dialogue say, If we want to move in this direction, what do we do to get there? They look at what may block them from reaching their goal, and the way around these blocks. They consider who can remove the blocks and in what order moves should be made. During the first four stages, all of the meetings are private and the dialogue discussions are kept secret.

The fifth stage moves the dialogue and design for action into the general population. It is then the people involved in the dialogue go back to their groups and try to get others to accept the plan to end divisions between their communities.

VOICE ONE:

Mister Saunders says this process was used in Tajikistan beginning in nineteen ninety-three. Tajikistan was in the middle of a bitter civil war that began after the Soviet6 Union ended. The Tajik opposition7 was split8 into many groups. In its first year of operation, the dialogue was the only method of communication between people connected to the government and people in the different opposing groups in the country. The dialogue group met six times in that first year.

Mister Saunders says that after three meetings, people in the group decided9 they needed to negotiate. Yet they did not know how to represent the many voices of the opposition. After the fourth dialogue, the different groups in opposition to the government met in Tehran, Iran and formed the united Tajik opposition. They presented a joint10 proposal to the government.

This made it possible for the leaders of the Tajik civil war to join United Nations peace negotiations11, which led to a peace agreement in nineteen ninety-seven. But the dialogue did not end. Members continued meeting. In two thousand, they created their own non-government organization, the Public Committee for Democratic Processes, to continue dialogues in seven areas of Tajikistan.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Randa Slim is vice president of the International Institute for Sustained Dialogue. She was born in Lebanon and speaks Arabic, French and English. She moved to the United States more than twenty years ago to attend graduate school. In nineteen ninety, Miz Slim began working with the sustained dialogue process as a program officer for the Kettering Foundation.

Miz Slim says an Arab-American-European dialogue officially began in two thousand three. The first paper describing this project was written in October, two thousand one. Miz Slim says it was her personal attempt to deal with the horrors of the time. She says, I felt that the two parts of the world I most care about were heading toward a major confrontation12.

There was an atmosphere of hostility13 and mistrust. She felt there must be attempts to start developing creative ways for changing the conflicting relations between the people of the United States and Arab nations. The dialogue, she says, is a move in that direction.

VOICE ONE:

The Arab-American-European dialogue includes five Americans, five Europeans and fourteen Arabs. They meet for three days every four months. In recent meetings they have discussed reforms in the Arab areas and the relations between government, society and religion in both Arab Muslim and Western cultures.

Miz Slim says that after two years of joint meetings those taking part in the dialogue are able to think about and work together on issues that concern them all. And, she says, they are developing some joint solutions to the problems even though their cultural and political differences remain. Now, Miz Slim says, the Arab-American-European dialogue is at a stage where it can make its work public.

VOICE TWO:

Miz Slim says that the sustained dialogue process is effective in great part because it involves the same group of people meeting over a long period of time. This means that the people learn to trust each other personally and then to move on to deal with difficult political issues. Those who take part in dialogues are people of influence, Miz Slim says. The hope is that their efforts to build new relationships will spread through the wider community.

VOICE ONE:

Next week, we will tell about how the Sustained Dialogue process has been used in South Africa and Zimbabwe and at colleges in the United States. For more information about the work of the International Institute for Sustained Dialogue, go to www.sustaineddialogue.org.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

This program was written by Marilyn Christiano and produced by Mario Ritter. I'm Faith Lapidus.

VOICE ONE:

And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 sustained YhNzWP     
adj.持久的,持续的v.维持( sustain的过去式和过去分词 );支撑;忍受;长期保持
参考例句:
  • Without correct leadership, the enthusiasm of the masses cannot be sustained. 没有正确的领导,群众的积极性就不可能持久。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • He has sustained a great loss by the death of his father. 他父亲的去世使他蒙受巨大的损失。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
3 negotiate rGtxc     
v.洽谈,协商,谈判,顺利通过,成功越过
参考例句:
  • I'll negotiate with their coach on the date of the match.我将与他们的教练磋商比赛的日期问题。
  • I managed to negotiate successfully with the authorities.我设法同当局进行了成功的协商。
4 hostilities 4c7c8120f84e477b36887af736e0eb31     
n.战争;敌意(hostility的复数);敌对状态;战事
参考例句:
  • Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. 墨西哥要求立即停止敌对行动。
  • All the old hostilities resurfaced when they met again. 他们再次碰面时,过去的种种敌意又都冒了出来。
5 define 4x5xE     
vt.解释,下定义,阐述,限定,规定
参考例句:
  • Please define the words.请解释这些字的意义。
  • It's hard to define exactly what has changed.很难解释清楚到底发生了什么变化。
6 Soviet Sw9wR     
adj.苏联的,苏维埃的;n.苏维埃
参考例句:
  • Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
  • Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
7 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
8 split avXwG     
n.劈开,裂片,裂口;adj.分散的;v.分离,分开,劈开
参考例句:
  • Who told you that Mary and I had split up?谁告诉你玛丽和我已经离婚了?
  • The teacher split the class up into six groups.老师把班级分成6个小组。
9 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
10 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
11 negotiations af4b5f3e98e178dd3c4bac64b625ecd0     
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
参考例句:
  • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
  • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
12 confrontation xYHy7     
n.对抗,对峙,冲突
参考例句:
  • We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
  • After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后,他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。
13 hostility hdyzQ     
n.敌对,敌意;抵制[pl.]交战,战争
参考例句:
  • There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
  • His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。