经济学人230:加拿大国内的恐怖主义

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　　加拿大国内的恐怖主义

　　Losing your immunity¹

　　失去免疫力

　　Attacks on soldiers in a mainly tranquil² land stir talk of global action against terror

　　士兵在一片宁静的土地上遭受袭击引发了全球有关反恐行动的讨论

　　IT WAS a sombre Stephen Harper who addressed Canadians on October 22nd. A lone³ gunman had fatally shot a young soldier standing⁴ guard at the National War Memorial in the capital,Ottawa, and then entered Canada's parliament building where he was killed. The prime minister linked the shooting to the murder earlier in the week of another Canadian soldier. Both, he said, were a grim reminder⁵ that Canadais not immune to the type of terrorist attacks seen around the world.

　　10月22日，加拿大总理斯蒂芬·哈珀向全加拿大人民发表了一次沉重的讲话。在渥太华，一名持枪者射杀了一位守卫在国家战争纪念碑旁的年轻士兵，并进入附近的会议大楼，最终在楼内被击毙。总理将此次枪击案和本周早一些的另一起士兵被袭击的案件联系在一起。同时，他说，这冷酷地提醒着我们加拿大无法免疫在世界其他地方看到的那些恐怖袭击。

　　His government would redouble its efforts to work with its allies in fighting terrorist organisations abroad, the Conservative prime minister vowed⁶. It would also “take all the necessary steps” to identify and counter threats at home.

　　保守党首相发誓，他的政府将与其盟国一起加倍努力，打击海外的恐怖主义；同时，他将“采取一切可能的行动”来识别和打击国内的威胁。

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　　In fact, this was not the first time Canada's parliament had been a target, nor was it the biggest terrorist attack in the country's history. An inept⁷ bomber⁸ intent on killing⁹ as many MPs as possible blew himself up in the same building in 1966, and an armed man hijacked¹⁰ a bus and fired shots outside parliament in 1989. The 1985 bombing of an Air India flight to London from Toronto, in which 329 people died, remains¹¹ the largest terror attack originating inCanada.

　　事实上，加拿大议会大楼不是第一次成为恐怖袭击的目标，这次袭击也不是该国历史上最大的一次恐怖袭击。1966年，为了杀死尽可能多的议员，一架轰炸机在该大楼里引爆了自身携带的炸药；1989年，一名武装分子劫持了一辆公共汽车并在议会大楼外开枪；1985年，印度航空公司的一架从多伦多飞向伦敦的飞机炸毁，329人遇难，这是源自加拿大的最大的一起恐怖袭击。

　　But two things gave this week's strike added impact. It badly frightened MPs, most of whom had gathered for weekly caucus¹² meetings in rooms on either side of the corridor where the gunman exchanged fire with security officers. They used furniture to construct makeshift barricades¹³ and had to remain shut away for hours. Second, it took place amid a heated debate over the Conservative government's decision to increase anti-terrorist powers at home and to join the military campaign led by the United States against Islamic State in Iraq.

　　但是有两件事加大了本次袭击的影响力。首先，它极大地恐吓了议员，当时大多数议员正在走廊两侧的房间里开每周例行的党团会议，而走廊里，枪手正与保安人员激烈交火。议员们用家具抵住大门，阻止枪手闯入，坚持了好几个小时。其次，此次袭击旨在强烈抗击保守党政府所做的加强国内反恐力量，以及加入美国领导的打击伊拉克极端组织“伊斯兰国”的军事行动的决定。

　　Mr Harper chose to interpret the shooting as part of a broader bid by terrorist groups to bring “their savagery¹⁴ to our shores”. Missives from his office after the attack underlined this message. He had telephone conversations with President Barack Obama, and with Binyamin Netanyahu and Tony Abbott, the prime ministers of Israel and Australia. John Baird, the foreign minister, took up the theme of global solidarity¹⁵ against terror: he said in a tweet that he had told John Kerry,America's secretary of state, “This is why we're with you. This only makes our resolve stronger.”

　　哈珀先生选择将此次枪击事件解释为恐怖组织“将他们的野蛮带向我们国家”的一次巨大冒险。事件发生后从他办公室流出的信件突出体现了这一观点。他分别与美国总统巴拉克?奥巴马，以色列总统本雅明?内塔尼亚胡和澳大利亚总统托尼?阿博特通了电话。外交部长约翰·贝尔德提起了全球团结一致反恐的主题，他在一条tweet（即Twitter上的留言）里说，他告诉美国国务卿约翰·克里“这就是我们要和你们结盟的原因。袭击事件只会让我们更加坚定反恐的决心。”

　　It was unclear as The Economist¹⁶ went to press whether the gunman, a Canadian named Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, had links to any terrorist group, but he was described by a person who met him at a mosque¹⁷ in British Columbia as having a “disturbing” side, suggesting mental-health problems. Nor was there any sign of a link to Martin Couture-Rouleau, shot dead by police on October 20th after he struck two soldiers with his car, killing one, near a military academy in Quebec. Mr Couture-Rouleau was under sporadic¹⁸ surveillance and his passport had been seized because he was one of an estimated 130 Canadians whom the security services suspected of terrorist leanings. Mr Zehaf-Bibeau had also been barred from travelling.

　　在《经济学人》付印时，我们还不能确定那位名叫迈克尔·泽哈夫·比博的加拿大枪手是否与某一个恐怖组织有关，不过，据一个在不列颠哥伦比亚省清真寺见过他的人描述，他是一个“令人不安”的人，可能患有心理疾病。同时，也没有证据表示该枪手与Martin Couture-Rouleau有联系。10月20日，在魁北克附近的军事学院，Martin Couture-Rouleau开着车向两名士兵开枪，并最终被击毙。Couture-Rouleau先生现在被不定时地监视着，并且被没收了护照，因为安全服务部认为有130个加拿大人有恐怖主义领导人的嫌疑，而他是其中之一。Zehaf-Bibeau先生也被中断了旅行。

　　The two main opposition¹⁹ leaders, Thomas Mulcair of the New Democrats²⁰ and Justin Trudeau of the Liberals, avoided making any political hay out of the incident, and neither posited²¹ any theory about a terrorist plot. “We woke up this morning in a country blessed by love, diversity and peace, and tomorrow we will do the same,” said Mr Mulcair, leader of the official opposition. Mr Trudeau referred to the gunman as a criminal and said that Canada was a nation of fairness, justice and the rule of law, and should not be intimidated²² into changing that.

　　两大对立政党的领导人，新民主党的Thomas Mulcair和自由党的贾斯汀·特鲁多，都没有利用这次事件来达到什么政治目的，同时也没有提出任何有关恐怖阴谋的理论。“今天，我们在一个充满爱、多样性和和平的国度里醒来，明天我们仍会如此。”官方反对党领袖Mulcair先生这样说道。特鲁多先生认为枪手是一名罪犯，并说加拿大是一个公平、正义和法制的国家，不应该因为畏惧而改变这一点。

　　Yet intimidation²³ seemed contagious²⁴. Legislatures across the country boosted security, as did some large cities like Toronto. An ice-hockey game scheduled for October 22nd in Ottawa between two National Hockey League teams was cancelled. In the province of Quebec, soldiers were warned they could be targets and should avoid wearing their uniforms when off duty.

　　然而，恐惧是会传染的。立法机构在全国范围内推动加强安全措施，就像多伦多这样的大城市做的那样。原定于10月22日在渥太华举行的两国冰球联盟赛被取消了。在魁北克，士兵们被提醒他们仍有可能是别人的目标，且不当值时最好不要穿制服。

　　Such an atmosphere will make it easier for the government to pass counterterrorism legislation which would give the Canadian Security Intelligence Service a freer hand to pursue investigations²⁵ and work with foreign counterparts. Yet that will not deal with one immediate²⁶ problem revealed by the gunman—security in the parliamentary precinct. In the days ahead, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the national force responsible for guarding Parliament Hill, will have to explain how it was possible for an armed man to walk across the lawn in broad daylight and gain access unhindered into Canada's seat of government. It should surely be possible to prevent that without a draconian²⁷ regime.

　　这样的气氛会使政府更容易通过反恐立法，这能让加拿大安全情报局自由地展开调查并与国外同盟合作。然而，这不能解决枪手带来的一个迫在眉睫的问题—议会分局的安全问题。在未来几天，负责守卫国会山的加拿大皇家骑警，不得不解释一下一个武装分子如何能在光天化日之下穿过草坪，畅通无阻地进入加拿大政府所在地。即使没有一个严厉的政权，这也是可以被避免的。

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