搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。
(单词翻译)
Everyday Grammar: Relative Pronouns 每日语法:关系代词
In this week’s episode of Everyday Grammar, we are going to discuss the relative pronouns who, that and which.
A relative pronoun relates to the noun it is describing. Relative pronouns introduce a relative clause. Think of relative clauses as long adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe nouns.
Let’s start with an example sentence:
The woman who called me yesterday was my mother.
In this sentence who is the relative pronoun, and who called me yesterday is the relative clause. The clause is describing the noun woman.
In general, the relative pronouns who, that, and which do one of two things:
1. They help identify the noun or
2. They help give more information about the noun.
In the example sentence, the clause “who called me yesterday” identifies the noun, in this case woman.
When a relative clause adds more information about the noun, the clause is surrounded by commas. Here is an example sentence:
My mother, who called me yesterday, says she is coming to visit me this summer.
Who is just one example of a relative pronoun that you can use when talking about a person. Let’s listen to a scene from the comedy film Bridesmaids for another example. In this scene, the main character Annie is telling her best friend that she has changed. Listen for the relative pronoun:
“Lillian, this is not the you that I know! The you that I know would have walked in here and rolled your eyes and thought that this was completely over the top, ridiculous, and stupid!”
The relative pronoun Annie used in the scene is that -- when she says “the you that I know.” In this sentence, that I know describes the noun you.
Both who and that can be used in relative clauses that describe a person. That can also be used to describe a thing. For example:
“The bike that I bought last week was stolen.” The relative clause "that I bought yesterday” describes the noun bike.
The relative pronoun which is also used to describe a thing.
Here is an example sentence using which.
“My bike, which I bought last week, was stolen.”
In this example, the relative clause “which I bought last week” adds more information about the noun bike. The clause is surrounded by commas.
Here are some general rules about commas and relative clauses:
--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun that, you do not need commas.
--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun which, you generally need commas.
--If the clause begins with the relative pronoun who, you need commas if the clause is adding additional information about the noun.
Here is an example sentence using the relative pronoun who, with and without commas.
1. My sister who lives in New York bought an apartment
2. My sister, who lives in New York, bought an apartment.
In the first sentence, the relative clause who lives in New York is identifying the noun sister. The speaker might have more than one sister. The clause “who lives in New York” is identifying which sister he or she is talking about.
In the second sentence, the same relative clause is adding additional information about the noun sister.
Sometimes, English speakers remove the relative pronoun altogether. Listen for the relative clauses in Shania Twain’s song You’re Still the One.
You're still the one
You're still the one that I love
The only one I dream of
You're still the one I kiss good night
In one line, she keeps the relative pronoun that. In the rest, she omits -- or removes -- the relative pronoun. If the relative pronouns that and who are followed by a noun or pronoun, they can be omitted. That makes the sentences “You’re still the one that I love” and “You’re still the one I love” both correct.
We can talk about other relative pronouns in another episode of Everyday Grammar. But for now, listen for the relative pronouns as we end this episode with the David Bowie song “The Man Who Sold the World.”
Words in This Story
relate - v. to show or make a connection between (two or more things)
identify - v. to show who someone is or what something is
surround - v. to be on every side of something
0 adding | |
n.加,增加v.加( add的现在分词 );加入;增加;添加 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 additional | |
adj.添加的,额外的,另外的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 adds | |
v.加( add的第三人称单数 );加入;增加;添加 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 adjectives | |
n.形容词( adjective的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 also | |
adv.也,亦;并且;同样;而且,还 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 altogether | |
adv.完全,全部地;总共;总起来说,总而言之 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 another | |
adj.另外的,再一,不同的;prep.另外一个,另一个人,同类的东西;pron.另一个,另外一个人,他人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 apartment | |
n.(美)公寓住宅,公寓房间;单元房间 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 as | |
conj.按照;如同 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 best | |
adj.最好的(good和well最高级);adv.最好地;最 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 between | |
prep.在…之间,在(两者)之间;adv.在中间 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 both | |
prep.两者(都),双方(都)adj.两个…(都) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 bought | |
v.购买,购得( buy的过去式和过去分词 );做出牺牲以获得;够支付;买通 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 called | |
v.叫( call的过去式和过去分词 );通电话;认为;估计 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 case | |
n.箱,盒,橱;事;病例;案例;情形 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 changed | |
[医]变化的,改变的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 character | |
n.(书、剧本、电影等中的)人物,角色;(汉)字,字体;品格 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 clause | |
n.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款,从句,分句 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 clauses | |
从句( clause的名词复数 ); (法律文件等的)条款 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 comedy | |
n.喜剧,趣事,趣闻 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 commas | |
n.逗号( comma的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 completely | |
adv.完全地,十分地,全然 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 connection | |
n.联接,连结,联系;亲戚关系 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 correct | |
adj.正确的;vi.改正,纠正;vt.改正 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 describe | |
vt.描绘,描写;形容,把…说成 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 describes | |
v.描写( describe的第三人称单数 );叙述;画出(图形等);形容 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 describing | |
v.描写( describe的现在分词 );叙述;画出(图形等);形容 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 discuss | |
v.讨论,议论 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 dream | |
n.梦;梦想;v.做梦;向往 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 episode | |
n.(作品的一段)情节,插曲,系列事件中之一 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 everyday | |
adj.每天的,日常的,平常的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 example | |
n.榜样,例子 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 film | |
n.影片,电影 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 first | |
adj.第一的;adv.首先 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 followed | |
v.跟随,接着( follow的过去式和过去分词 );继承;(按时间、顺序等)接着;从事 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 friend | |
n.朋友;支持者;同伴 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 general | |
n.一般,将军,大体;adj. 一般的,普遍的;v.指挥,作...将军 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 generally | |
adv.一般地,通常;普遍地,广泛地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 going | |
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 grammar | |
n.语法,语法规则 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 help | |
v.帮助,帮忙 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 identifies | |
v.认出( identify的第三人称单数 );支持;确认;辨认 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 identify | |
vt.识别,认明,鉴定,使等同于;vi.一致,变成一致 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 identifying | |
v.认出( identify的现在分词 );支持;确认;辨认 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 information | |
n.起诉;信息,消息;知识;报告,通知,情报 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 introduce | |
vt.介绍;引进;提出 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 just | |
adv.仅仅,只是;刚刚 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 keeps | |
v.(使)保持, (使)继续( keep的第三人称单数 );(食品)保持新鲜;保有;保存 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 kiss | |
n.吻,轻触;v.吻,接吻;轻拂 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 line | |
n.线;排,行 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 lives | |
n.生命(life的复数);生物,活物;生活( life的名词复数 );生命;一生;生活方式v.活( live的第三人称单数 );居住;以…为生;(按照规矩)管理生活 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 long | |
adj.长的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 main | |
adj.主要的;重要的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 might | |
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 mother | |
n.母亲,妈妈 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 need | |
vt.需要,要;aux.必须,不得不;n.需要,必要;需用的东西,需求 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 noun | |
n.名词 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 nouns | |
n.名词;名词( noun的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 omits | |
v.省略( omit的第三人称单数 );遗漏;删掉;忘记做 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 omitted | |
v.省略( omit的过去式和过去分词 );遗漏;删掉;忘记做 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 only | |
adv.仅仅,只不过;adj.唯一的;conj.可是,不过 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 person | |
n.人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 pronoun | |
n.代词 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 pronouns | |
n.代词( pronoun的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 relate | |
v.讲,叙述,使联系,有关系 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 relates | |
(把…)联系起来( relate的第三人称单数 ); 讲述,叙述 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 relative | |
adj.相对的,比较的;n.亲戚,亲属 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 remove | |
n.阶级,升级,移动,搬家,距离;vt.移动,调动,除去,迁移,开除,移交;vi. 迁移 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 removes | |
v.开除( remove的第三人称单数 );去除;脱去(衣服等);移走 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 rest | |
adj.其余的;n.休息;vi.搁(在),休息;vt.使休息 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 ridiculous | |
adj.荒谬的,可笑的;荒唐的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 rolled | |
adj.包金箔的v.(使)打滚( roll的过去式和过去分词 );(使)转动;卷;把…卷成筒状 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 rules | |
规程; 规章; 条例; 守则(rule的复数); 规则( rule的名词复数 ); 统治; 习惯; 尺 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 scene | |
n.场面;情景;布景 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 second | |
num.第二;adj.第二的;别的;n.第二;秒;片刻 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 sentence | |
n.句子;判决,宣判 vt.宣判,判决 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 sentences | |
n.[律]判决,宣判,课刑;句子( sentence的名词复数 );宣判,判决v.宣判,判决( sentence的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 show | |
v.出示;告知;n.展览(会);演出,节目 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 sister | |
n.姐妹;姐,妹;护士长;修女;女教士 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 sold | |
v.动词sell的过去式、过去分词 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 someone | |
pron.某人,有人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 something | |
pron.某事,某物;被视为有意义的事物 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 sometimes | |
adv.有时,不时 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 speaker | |
n.说话者,发言者;说某种语言者;扬声器 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 speakers | |
n.扬声器( speaker的名词复数 );演讲者;议长;说某种语言的人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 start | |
v.开始;着手;出发 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 still | |
adj.静止的,寂静的;adv.还,仍然;更;安静地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 stolen | |
v.偷( steal的过去分词 );悄悄地做,悄悄地走 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 stupid | |
adj.愚蠢的,笨拙的,麻木的,无趣味的;n.傻瓜 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 summer | |
n.夏天,夏季 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 surround | |
vt.包围,环绕,围绕;n.围绕物 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 surrounded | |
adj.(后面与by,with连用)被…环绕着的v.包围( surround的过去式和过去分词 );与…紧密相关;围绕;喜欢结交(某类人) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 thing | |
n.事物,东西,物,用品;事,事件,情况;行为;特征 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 things | |
n.(个人的)用品;需要的东西;生物;事实;物( thing的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 thought | |
n.想法,思想,思维,思潮,关心,挂念;v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 top | |
n.顶,顶端;首位;顶点;adj.最高的;顶上的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 use | |
v.使用;n.用途,利用 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 used | |
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 using | |
v.使用( use的现在分词 );利用;耗费;吸(毒)n.使用;利用;用途;使用权 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 visit | |
n.拜访,访问,游览,视察;vt.拜访,访问,参观,视察,降临;vi.访问,参观,闲谈 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 was | |
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 week | |
n.星期,周 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 without | |
adv.在外面;n.外面,外部;prep.无,没有 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 woman | |
n.妇女,女人,女性 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 words | |
n.字( word的名词复数 );(说的)话;诺言;口令 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 world | |
n.世界 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 would | |
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
0 yesterday | |
n.昨天,昨日;adv.昨天,昨日 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。