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AS IT IS 2015-05-31 Lawmakers Debate How to Deal with Free Trade's Results 议员辩论如何处理自由贸易的结果
The United States Senate recently passed a measure called Trade Promotion1 Authority. Under the bill, the Congress can only vote for or against a trade agreement once it has been negotiated. This ability to “fast-track” such agreements would be important when Congress considers possible trade deals with Asian and Pacific countries and also Europe.
But the issue of free trade can fuel a debate about U.S. jobs. Many labor2 unions and Democratic Party members support a little-known federal program for American workers. It is called the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program. It provides financial assistance to those who lose their job because of increased foreign competition. Conservatives say the program is ineffective and costs too much.
However, a former steel worker who spoke3 with VOA says the program works and should be expanded. Michael Smith worked at the Bethlehem Steel Mill in Sparrows Point, Maryland. The mill was once a major producer of steel. It employed as many as 30,000 Americans. Mr. Smith was a crane operator with Bethlehem Steel for 13 years. Recently, he returned to the grounds.
"I remember what this place used to be. I remember the sights, the sounds, the tractors. It’s actually hard physically4 standing5 here. I mean, my heart hurts."
The mill closed in 2012 as a result of a series of business decisions and increasing global competition. That left Mr. Smith and 2,500 mill workers with no jobs and few marketable skills.
“I was blessed enough to find a program called TRA ((Trade Readjustment Allowance)) and TAA ((Trade Adjustment Assistance)), which is a union bargain benefit that was provided to us.”
The TAA program gave Mr. Smith a weekly stipend6. He used his retraining assistance to pay for books and school tuition fees. He recently completed his college studies and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Psychology7.
Michael Smith's experience with the program was good. However, many conservatives say TAA is wasteful8 and ineffective. Dan Ikenson studies trade policies for the Cato Institute research group. He says that for every job lost to trade, 30 jobs are lost for other reasons. He spoke to VOA on Skype.
“My first question is: why should we treat people who lose jobs or can tie their job loss in some way to trade any differently than we treat other people who lose their jobs?”
Dan Ikenson says trade creates more winners than losers. Instead of government aid, he says manufacturers are better equipped to retrain displaced workers.
“They complain a lot about the dearth9 of skilled workers, and if they were incentivized to hire people just to train them in exchange for them agreeing to work, maybe for a year or two afterwards, that might work a lot better than trade adjustment assistance does.”
The Senate voted to extend the 400-million dollar program as part of a fast-track bill to speed pending10 free trade deals with Pacific countries. The House of Representatives has yet to vote on the trade legislation.
Words in This Story
assistance – n. help or aid that is provided by someone or a group
global – adj. from around the world or having to do with the world
marketable – adj. able to be sold; something that others will want to buy or accept
adjustment – n. a relatively11 small change that makes something better
pending – adj. not yet decided on or acted upon
1 promotion | |
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传 | |
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2 labor | |
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦 | |
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3 spoke | |
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说 | |
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4 physically | |
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律 | |
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5 standing | |
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的 | |
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6 stipend | |
n.薪贴;奖学金;养老金 | |
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7 psychology | |
n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
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8 wasteful | |
adj.(造成)浪费的,挥霍的 | |
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9 dearth | |
n.缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨 | |
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10 pending | |
prep.直到,等待…期间;adj.待定的;迫近的 | |
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11 relatively | |
adv.比较...地,相对地 | |
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