经济学人308:德国政治 消失的极右领袖

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　　德国政治

　　Gone boy on the right

　　消失的极右领袖

　　How an anti-foreigner, anti-establishment group is changing German politics

　　一个反移民、反伊斯兰化组织如何改变德国政治

　　Bachmann: only joking, honest

　　巴赫曼：真的只是玩笑罢了

　　THE march on January 19th in Dresden by Pegida, or “Patriotic Europeans against the Islamisation of the Occident”, would have been its 13th. But it was cancelled because the police had “concrete” information of plans to assassinate¹ its organiser, Lutz Bachmann. On January 21st Mr Bachmann was exposed in German tabloids² for posing as Hitler on his Facebook page. He called it a joke, but later resigned his position. Pegida plans to resume its marches next week.

　　1月19日，在德累斯顿爆发了一场由Pegida（或者称作“爱国欧洲人反对西方的伊斯兰化”）发起的游行。本来这次游行应该在13号举行，但是由于警方获知了刺杀该运动领袖卢茨巴赫曼行动的“详细”信息而被取消。1月21日，巴赫曼因为在“脸书”（Facebook）上传其模仿希特勒的照片而被德国小报争相报道。他声称这只是一个玩笑，但是随后他宣布辞职。Pegida计划下周恢复游行。

　　消失的极右领袖.jpg

　　Among its followers³, despite Mr Bachmann's antics, neo-Nazis⁵ are a small minority. The typical marcher is a middle-aged⁶, middle-class Saxon man who, says Hans Vorl?nder at the Technical University of Dresden, is alienated⁸ from politics and the liberal media, and yearns⁹ for a homogenous¹⁰ fatherland. The marches may have “passed the peak”, adds Dieter Rucht at the Berlin Social Science Centre. Yet there will be political fallout. Nine-tenths of Pegida supporters back the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded only in 2013 and represented in three eastern state parliaments.

　　在该运动众多的追随者中，除了巴赫曼这种滑稽行为的人，新纳粹仍是少数。据来自德尔德累斯顿技术大学的汉斯?福尔兰德尔讲，其中有一位的游行示威者是较为典型，他是一个来自于萨克森州的中年中产阶级男性，他对政治和自由媒体漠不关心，却呼唤一个同文同种的父国。柏林社会科学研究中心的Dieter Rucht说到，这支游行队伍可能已经“越过底线”。也许会带来某些政治后果。 Pegida运动中有十分之九的支持者拥护德国新选项党（AfD），该党于2013年刚刚成立，享有东部三个州的议会席位。

　　The AfD began with an anti-euro message. Some leaders, such as Hans- Olaf Henkel, from Hamburg, want to keep it that way. But, especially in the east, the party has used populist innuendo¹¹ against asylum-seekers, immigrants and homosexuals. Party elders like Alexander Gauland, in Brandenburg, openly flirt¹² with Pegida. This is straining the AfD, which has three leaders. Bernd Lucke, an economics professor, favours an anti-euro message; Frauke Petry, a businesswoman from Saxony, and Konrad Adam, a former journalist, sympathise with Pegida. Mr Lucke wants to lead alone, but Ms Petry and Mr Adam have resisted him. In a compromise, Mr Lucke will take over as boss only next December.

　　德国新选项党的兴起缘于对欧元的反对。一些领导人，包括来自汉堡的汉斯奥拉夫汉高希望继续使用欧元。但是，尤其在德国东部地区，该党利用民粹主义影射政治避难者、移民以及同性恋群体。该党的前辈——勃兰登堡的Alexander Gauland公然和Pegida“秀恩爱”。这使得新选项党内部更加紧张。该党有三个领导，经济学教授Bernd Lucke反对使用欧元，来自萨克森州的商人Frauke Petry以及之前是记者同样支持Pegida的Konrad Adam。Lucke希望能够独自领导新选项党，但是一直受到Petry和Adam的牵制。折中之后，Bernd Lucke只能于明年12月份接任领袖一职。

　　German democracy is responding without hysteria. Marchers against Pegida have recently far outnumbered those for it. The centre-left Social Democrats¹⁴ and Greens refuse to debate with Pegida, and Chancellor¹⁵ Angela Merkel, leader of the centre-right Christian¹⁶ Democrats, has condemned¹⁷ it. Others are open to dialogue. One Christian Democrat¹³, Jens Spahn, even joined a televised debate with Kathrin Oertel, one of Pegida's organisers.

　　德国的民主制度对于这件事情的回应十分克制。如今反对Pegida的游行数量已经远远超出支持者的游行。中左的社会民主党和绿党拒绝与Pegida对话，而中右派基督教民主党领袖——总理默克尔却谴责该运动。其他人则保持开放的态度。Jens Spahn，这位基督教民主党人士甚至参加了一个与Pegida组织者之一—Kathrin Oertel对话的电视栏目。

　　That was a big step for a group that had previously¹⁸ refused to talk to the media. Its marchers chant “Lügenpresse” (“lying press”), a term once used by the Nazis. Yet on the very day of the cancelled march, Pegida held its first-ever press conference. In the public glare, its leaders tone down their language. When confronted, their counter-arguments seem weak. Asked why Saxons should worry about Islam when only 1% of Saxony's population is Muslim, Ms Oertel said some Germans march for the rainforest though Germany has none.

　　这个举动为那些拒绝在媒体上发表观点的党派迈出了一大步。其游行者高呼曾经为纳粹使用过的“Lügenpresse”（“大话新闻”）。然而，就在取消游行的那一天，Pegida举行了首次新闻发布会。万众瞩目下，他们的领导人故意让自己的语气缓和。但在面对质疑时，他们的反驳又显得无力。当被问及他们为什么要在萨克森州仅有1%的人口是穆斯林的情况要担心伊斯兰教时，Oertel说尽管德国没有热带雨林，但仍有德国人为保护热带雨林而游行。

　　The gradual conflation of the AfD and Pegida is a new and worrying phenomenon. There must never be a legitimate¹⁹ party to the right of the CSU, the Christian Democrats' Bavarian sister party, said Franz Josef Strauss, a longtime leader of Bavaria, with Germany's Nazi⁴ past in mind. Such a party has now arrived, and could enter the Bundestag in 2017.

　　德国新选项党和Pegida日益要好着实是一个令人担忧的新问题。巴伐利亚州的长期领导者Franz Josef Strauss对纳粹始终耿耿于怀，他认为，基社盟作为巴伐利亚的执政党，绝不会再有第二个政党取得像基社盟姐妹党—基督教民主党的地位，尤其该党还有纳粹倾向。但是他担心的事情似乎已经到来，新选项党有可能在2017年进入联邦议院。

　　1.plan to 打算；计划

　　例句:Both chambers²⁰ plan to vote on that policy before January 15th.

　　两院都打算在1月15日前对那一政策进行投票表决。

　　2.alienate⁷ from 使疏远；使脱离

　　例句:I hope nothing will ever alienate his brothers from him.

　　我希望没有什么事会使他的兄弟们与他不和。

　　3.begin with 以…开始，从…开始

　　例句:It was great to begin with but now it's difficult.

　　一开始非常好，但现在可就难了。

　　4.want to 想去；想要

　　例句:The difference between who you are and who you want to be is what you do.

　　你是什么样的人和你想成为什么样的之间的差距就是，你做了什么。

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