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VOA慢速英语2003年-A New Plan to Fight AIDS

时间:2005-05-31 16:00:00

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Broadcast: June 10, 2003
by Karen Leggett
VOICE ONE:
I'm Sarah Long with Bob Doughty1, and this is the VOA Special English program, SCIENCE IN THE NEWS.
VOICE TWO:
Today--a look at developments in the fight against AIDS ... and, later, some advice about how to protect against malaria2.
VOICE ONE:
President Bush speaks before signing the bill at the State Department on May 27.
President Bush has signed legislation3 to help prevent and treat AIDS in twelve African countries and two Caribbean countries. The president said the United States has a moral duty to take action against the disease. He compared American efforts to fight AIDS to the United States' rebuilding of Europe after World War Two.
President Bush first announced what he called an Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief during his State of the Union speech in January. The plan calls for fifteen-thousand-million dollars in spending over five years. Congress must approve the yearly amounts.
Eighty percent of the money is to go to treatment and care. Twenty percent will go to prevention activities. Of that share, one-third must be spent on programs that teach only abstinence, the traditional idea not to have sex before marriage.
Some health groups do not like the fact that organizations that teach abstinence-only will get money. Other groups do not want any of the money to go to organizations that also provide abortions4 to end unwanted pregnancies5. The White House negotiated6 a compromise in the final law passed by Congress. Organizations that provide abortions may still receive money to fight AIDS as long as they record exactly how all the money is spent.
VOICE TWO:
The African countries to receive aid include Botswana, Ethiopia, Ivory7 Coast, Kenya, Mozambique and Namibia. The others are Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. The two Caribbean countries are Guyana and Haiti.Peter Piot, director of the United Nations AIDS program, strongly praised the legislation. But Doctor Piot says there is still a long way to go for nations to increase spending to the levels needed to prevent and treat AIDS. He says ninety-five percent of the people with AIDS do not receive medicines that can save their lives.
President Bush signed the bill in late May before he traveled to Evian, France, for the yearly Group of Eight Summit8. He said every day of delay means eight-thousand more AIDS deaths in Africa and fourteen-thousand more infections. Mister Bush and the leaders of Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Russia discussed AIDS, among other issues. The leaders agreed to strengthen the United Nations program called the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis9 and Malaria.
(MUSIC BRIDGE)
VOICE ONE:
More than twenty million people with AIDS have died over the past twenty years. But a new report shows that rates of infection are falling in cities in Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The report is from the United States Census10 Bureau and the Agency for International Development. This is the first time since AIDS was first discovered twenty years ago that rates of infection are dropping in sub-Saharan Africa. The study also found that the increase in H-I-V rates has slowed in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya, Ivory Coast, the Republic of Congo and Senegal.
U-N AIDS program director Peter Piot expressed hope in comments published in the Boston Globe newspaper. But he said it is too early to call the findings a victory. He added, however, that the reductions among young people in some cities -- such as Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Lusaka, Zambia -- likely show the effects of prevention efforts there.
 
VOICE TWO:
AIDS is caused by H-I-V which stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is carried in body fluids. It can spread when people have sex or share needles used for taking drugs. H-I-V can also spread from mother to baby.
AIDS is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome11. When people have AIDS, their bodies are not able to protect them against other diseases. There is no cure for AIDS, but there are medicines to control the virus. There are also ways to fight the spread of the disease.
Nine percent or almost one-out-of-ten of all AIDS cases in the world are in Ethiopia. Many different programs in that country tell people how to prevent the spread of AIDS. For the past three years, a Washington-based organization called D-K-T International has printed advice on shopping carts, buses and umbrellas. It has also put the messages on radio and television. The messages tell about abstinence as a way to prevent AIDS. They urge people to remain loyal to their partner if they do have a sexual12 relationship.
D-K-T also passed out sixty-seven million condoms in Ethiopia last year. Men wear condoms during sex as a way to prevent the creation13 of babies and the spread of disease.
VOICE ONE:
A health worker with D-K-T in Ethiopia says many girls find it difficult to talk about sex or condoms. That may be changing, though, in part because of the group's radio programs. It began these programs in two-thousand, directed to populations that live away from cities.
The characters, like one named "Ebissa," have everyday problems and talk easily about ways to plan their families and prevent AIDS. One listener said the program influenced her to visit a health care worker and not have more children. A nurse said more people asked for family planning services after hearing about them on the radio. These services help people to decide if, and when, they want to start a family or have more children.
D-K-T also worked with the Ethiopian military to make a movie about protecting families from H-I-V and AIDS. All soldiers began to receive condoms and information about AIDS when they returned home from duty outside Ethiopia.
The Ethiopian Orthodox14 Church, the Evangelical Church and the Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme15 Council also offer prevention services.
(MUSIC BRIDGE)
VOICE TWO:

Malaria is a major killer16 in developing countries. The World Health Organization says more than three-hundred million people get severe cases of malaria each year. At least one-million die. Most of these deaths happen in African countries south of the Sahara Desert. And most of the victims are children.
Experts say one of the most successful ways to prevent malaria is to sleep under a net treated with chemicals that kill the insects that carry malaria.
Malaria is spread through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. They leave an organism, a one-celled parasite17, inside a person's body. Malaria can be cured but it is a long and difficult process. It is easier to prevent malaria.

Rakiya Madaki, responsible for a clinic in a village near Abuja, Nigeria, shows how to work chemicals into a net.

VOICE ONE:
Mosquitoes are most active at night. It is most important that children and women who may be pregnant18 or plan to become pregnant sleep under treated nets.
Children do not have the protection that adults sometimes have to fight the disease. Women are more likely to get malaria when they become pregnant. The disease can produce a lack of iron in the mother's blood. Also, pregnant women with malaria are more likely to have babies with low birth weight.
International health organizations and some governments are trying to make sure that it is easy to get nets that are good quality and do not cost too much.

Special protection is needed to handle the insecticide. The net should hang from a wall or roof and cover the bed or sleeping mat. The bottom of the net should be placed under the bed or mat so mosquitoes cannot get inside. For people who sleep outside, the nets can be tied to sticks or a tree.
Nets need to be treated again with insecticide at least once a year or after they have been washed three times. Insecticides are the chemicals that kill the mosquitoes. The nets should not be washed in rivers or lakes. The chemicals can get into the water and kill small fish. Water used for washing a net should be put into the ground away from animals or people.
VOICE ONE:
A good time to treat the net is just before the rainy season. Sometimes there are health centers or other places that will treat nets. Nets can also be treated at home. The net must sit in a pan of water mixed with chemicals. You should wear gloves so your hands do not touch the chemical. Any of the water and chemicals left after treating the net can be used to treat curtains for windows and doors.
Health experts say it is important to use the treated net every night of the year, even if you do not hear mosquitoes.
SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written by Karen Leggett and produced by Cynthia Kirk. This is Sarah Long.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Bob Doughty. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.
 


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 doughty Jk5zg     
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
参考例句:
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
2 malaria B2xyb     
n.疟疾
参考例句:
  • He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
  • Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。
3 legislation q9uzG     
n.立法,法律的制定;法规,法律
参考例句:
  • They began to draft legislation.他们开始起草法规。
  • The liberals band together against the new legislation.自由党员联合一致反对新的立法。
4 abortions 4b6623953f87087bb025549b49471574     
n.小产( abortion的名词复数 );小产胎儿;(计划)等中止或夭折;败育
参考例句:
  • The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人:不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
  • Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论:染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网
5 pregnancies 2fedeb45162c233ee9e28d81888a2d2c     
怀孕,妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象,战时人口正该补充。
  • She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。
6 negotiated feb94d7f6645e2d1563a11dc68b7ea2f     
谈判,协商,议定( negotiate的过去式和过去分词 ); 兑现(支票等); 通过,越过(险要路段)
参考例句:
  • The government negotiated with the opposition party over the new law. 政府就新法与反对党进行了协商。
  • By careful strategy she negotiated a substantial pay rise. 她精心策划后,谈妥了大幅增加工资的事。
7 ivory KaJzc     
n.象牙,乳白色;adj.象牙制的,乳白色的
参考例句:
  • My grandmother has some jewelry made of ivory.我祖母有一些象牙首饰。
  • It is carved from ivory.它是用象牙雕成的。
8 summit eHezk     
n.最高点,峰顶;最高级会议;极点
参考例句:
  • They climbed up the mountain and reached the summit.他们爬山,最终达到了山顶。
  • The summit of the mountain is lost in the cloud and mist.山顶隐没在云雾之中。
9 tuberculosis bprym     
n.结核病,肺结核
参考例句:
  • People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
  • Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。
10 census arnz5     
n.(官方的)人口调查,人口普查
参考例句:
  • A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
  • The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。
11 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症;并存特性
参考例句:
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
12 sexual YiLzlw     
adj.性的,两性的,性别的
参考例句:
  • He was a person of gross sexual appetites.他是个性欲旺盛的人。
  • It is socially irresponsible to refuse young people advice on sexual matters.拒绝向年轻人提供性方面的建议是对社会不负责任。
13 creation CzExH     
n.创造,创造的作品,产物,宇宙,天地万物
参考例句:
  • Language is the most important mental creation of man.语言是人类头脑最重要的产物。
  • The creation of new playgrounds will benefit the local children.新游戏场的建立将有益于当地的儿童。
14 orthodox 240zl     
adj.正统的,传统的,惯常的
参考例句:
  • They are orthodox Jews.他们是正统的犹太教徒。
  • His ideas are very orthodox.他的思想非常合乎规范。
15 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
16 killer rpLziK     
n.杀人者,杀人犯,杀手,屠杀者
参考例句:
  • Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
  • The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。
17 parasite U4lzN     
n.寄生虫;寄生菌;食客
参考例句:
  • The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
  • I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫,我要自己养活自己。
18 pregnant IP3xP     
adj.怀孕的,怀胎的
参考例句:
  • She is a pregnant woman.她是一名孕妇。
  • She is pregnant with her first child.她怀了第一胎。

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